Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology in the Treatment of Highly Contaminated Tannery Wastewater Using Commercial Potassium Ferrate

Abstract

The potential implementation of Envifer®, a commercial product containing potassium ferrate (40.1% K2FeO4), for the purification of highly contaminated tannery wastewater from leather dyeing processes was proposed. The employment of the Taguchi method for optimization of experiments allowed the discoloration (98.4%), chemical oxygen demand (77.2%), total organic carbon (75.7%), and suspended solids (96.9%) values to be lowered using 1.200 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 3 within 9 min. The application of the central composite design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM) with the use of 1.400 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 4.5 diminished the discoloration, the chemical oxygen demand, the total organic carbon, and suspended solids within 9 min. The Taguchi method is suitable for the initial implementation, while the RSM is superior for the extended optimization of wastewater treatment processes.

Improving the Properties of Degraded Soils from Industrial Areas by Using Livestock Waste with Calcium Peroxide as a Green Oxidizer

“…The optimization of application of potassium ferrate (VI) in the treatment of tannery wastewater have revealed R 2 and R adj. 2 values of 77.0% and 59.0% [ 55 ]. Furthermore, a Box–Behnken experimental design with RSM was used to optimize condition for microbial reduction on fresh-cut celery [ 56 ].…”

Optimization of the adsorption of total organic carbon from produced water using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…The adequacy and significance of the developed quadratic polynomial model for the sorption process were evaluated using the Fisher F-test and p-value of the analysis of variance ANOVA presented in Table 3. The goodness of fit was accessed by coefficient of determination R 2 which showed the variability in response predicted by the independent variables [59]. The R 2 , adjusted R 2 and predicted R 2 were found to be 0.9959, 0.9923, and 0.9547, respectively.…”

Potassium Ferrate (VI) as the Multifunctional Agent in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate

“…In the case of the real sewage from the textile industry, R 2 and R 2 adj reached values of 0.8799 and 0.7999 [45]. In the case of using K 2 FeO 4 for the treatment of wastewater from the tanning industry other studies have reported R 2 and R 2 adj values of 0.77 and 0.59 [59] versus 0.95 and 0.74 in the case of employing K 2 FeO 4 for the treatment of synthetic sewage containing azo dye Anilan Blue GRL 250% [60]. A good fit between the empirical and approximated data was observed in the latter study.…”

“…Generally, greater efficiency of the oxidation of organic compounds can be observed, while conducting the oxidation process in an acidic environment, rather than in a neutral one [43,44]. Another study indicated that use of K 2 FeO 4 for the purification of highly polluted tannery wastewater from leather dyeing processes resulted in the discoloration (98.4% removal), chemical oxygen demand (77.2% removal), total organic carbon (75.7% removal), and suspended solids (96.9% removal); the reported values were the smallest when 1.200 g/L K 2 FeO 4 at pH 3 within 9 min was used [59]. On the other hand, the application of K 2 FeO 4 for the degradation of trichloroacetic acid and turbidity removal in synthetic water revealed that the highest efficiency achieved for trichloroacetic acid was 24%, while for turbidity the maximum removal efficiency was in the range of 85%-95%.…”