Tailor-Made Forging Tools by Laser Metal Deposition

Junker, Daniel; Hentschel, Oliver; Schmidt, Michael; Merklein, Marion

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.707

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Another positive side effect is the possibility of reducing post‐processing costs and lead‐time in the fabrication of the tools. Reports from both SLM and EBM‐processed maraging and tool steels can be found in the literature . Mainly hot‐work tool steels have been attempted by EBM .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of a Cold‐Work Tool Steel using Electron Beam Melting

Vega

Ramsperger²,

Şelte³

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is on its way to industrialization. One of the most promising techniques within this field, electron beam melting (EBM), is nowadays used mostly for the fabrication of high-performance Ti-based alloy components for the aerospace and medical industry. Among the industrial applications envisioned for the future of EBM, the fabrication of high carbon steels for the tooling industry is of great interest. In this context, the process windows for dense and crack-free specimens for a highly alloyed (Cr-Mo-V) coldwork steel powder are presented in this article. High-solidification rates during EBM processing lead to very fine and homogeneous microstructures. The influence of process parameters on the resulting microstructure and the chemical composition is investigated. In addition, preliminary results show very promising mechanical properties regarding the as-built and heat-treated microstructure of the obtained material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of a Cold‐Work Tool Steel using Electron Beam Melting

Vega

Ramsperger²,

Şelte³

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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“…In the scope of testing the additively manufactured hot forging tool, it behaves similar to the traditionally fabricated tool standardly applied in series production. For example, the tool life was comparable to that of the series tool [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In the scope of these investigations, the produced tool steel specimens showed promising mechanical properties after carrying out an appropriate thermal post processing similar to industrial application. The AM of complete tools in DED-LB/M for hot forming applications or injection molding is recently mostly limited to scientific trials [29][30][31]. Junker et al [31] tested a forging from the hot work tool steel 1.2365 (AISI H10) under conditions close to industrial application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AM of complete tools in DED-LB/M for hot forming applications or injection molding is recently mostly limited to scientific trials [29][30][31]. Junker et al [31] tested a forging from the hot work tool steel 1.2365 (AISI H10) under conditions close to industrial application. In the scope of testing the additively manufactured hot forging tool, it behaves similar to the traditionally fabricated tool standardly applied in series production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigations in the Processing of AISI H11 Powder Blends Enriched with Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles for the Additive Manufacturing of Tailored Hot Working Tools in the Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB/M)—Impact of Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics

Hentschel,

Kohlstruck,

Vetter

et al. 2024

Metals

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In this study, the DED-LB/M process of AISI H11 tool steel powder blends modified by adding WC nanoparticles (WC-np) in concentrations of 1, 2.5 and 5 wt.-% was the object of scientific investigations. For this, 30-layer cuboid specimens were manufactured. The overall scientific aim was to examine how the WC-np interact with the steel melt and in the end, influence the processability, microstructure and mechanical properties of produced specimens. The examinations were carried out on both as-built and thermally post-processed specimens. An advanced microstructural analysis (SEM, EDS, EBSD and XRD) revealed that due to the high solubility of WC-np in the molten steel, most of the WC-np appear to have dissolved during the ongoing laser process. Furthermore, the WC-np favor a stronger distortion and finer grain size of martensite in the manufactured specimens. An increase in hardness from about 650 HV1 for the H11 specimen to 780 HV1 for the one manufactured using the powder blend containing 5 wt.-% of WC-np was observed in as-built conditions. In the same way, the compression yield strength enhanced from 1839 MPA to 2188 MPA. The hardness and strength increasing effect of WC-np remained unchanged even after heat treatments similar to those used in industry.

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“…Powder bed fusion (PBF) technologies, using both laser and electron beam sources (particularly Selective Laser Melting, SLM, and Electron Beam Melting, EBM [ 1 ]), have been used in the attempt to process tool and maraging steels [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The main challenge in additive manufacturing (AM) of such materials is their susceptibility for cracking due to the build-up of residual stresses in the melting/solidification stage; this issue is especially pronounced in the case of laser-based AM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Mechanical Evaluation of a Cr-Mo-V Cold-Work Tool Steel Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Botero

Şelte²,

Ramsperger³

et al. 2021

Materials

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In this work, a highly alloyed cold work tool steel, Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra, was manufactured via the electron beam melting (EBM) technique. The corresponding material microstructure and carbide precipitation behavior as well as the microstructural changes after heat treatment were characterized, and key mechanical properties were investigated. In the as-built condition, the microstructure consists of a discontinuous network of very fine primary Mo- and V-rich carbides dispersed in an auto-tempered martensite matrix together with ≈15% of retained austenite. Adjusted heat treatment procedures allowed optimizing the microstructure by the elimination of Mo-rich carbides and the precipitation of fine and different sized V-rich carbides, along with a decrease in the retained austenite content below 2%. Hardness response, compressive strength, and abrasive wear properties of the EBM-manufactured material are similar or superior to its as-HIP forged counterparts manufactured using traditional powder metallurgy route. In the material as built by EBM, an impact toughness of 16–17 J was achieved. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was applied in order to further increase ductility and to investigate its impact upon the microstructure and properties of the material. After HIPing with optimized protocols, the ductility increased over 20 J.

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Tailor-Made Forging Tools by Laser Metal Deposition

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Additive Manufacturing of a Cold‐Work Tool Steel using Electron Beam Melting

Additive Manufacturing of a Cold‐Work Tool Steel using Electron Beam Melting

Microstructural and Mechanical Evaluation of a Cr-Mo-V Cold-Work Tool Steel Produced via Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

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