“…As one of the most widely investigated perovskite materials, BaTiO 3 (BTO) has been commonly applied in various fields, including electrocaloric refrigeration, − energy storage, − dielectric tuning, , and various sensing. − Because of the multifarious physical characteristics owned by BTO, such as ferroelectric, , piezoelectric, , thermoelectric, , pyroelectric, , and photovoltaic properties, − there has been significant progress in the conversion from light, heat, and pressure to an electrical signal. Furthermore, it is this kind of mutual coupling of various characteristics that overcomes the disadvantages caused by only single-source conversion in the past.…”