Tailoring interfacial effect in multilayers with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction by helium ion irradiation

Sud, A.; Tacchi, S.; D., Sagkovits,; Barton, Christopher; Sall, M.; Diez, L. Herrera; Stylianidis, Evgenios; Smith, Nadia; Wright, L; Zhang, S.; X., Zhang,; Ravelosona, D.; Carlotti, G.; Kurebayashi, Hidekazu; Kazakova, Olga; Cubukcu, M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02902-y

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This result is well matched with the above SAED analysis and further proves that the Ga + irradiation forms alloy compositions. The formation of alloys inevitably causes the decrease in PMA, − which should be one reason for the increase in the skyrmion density (see Supporting Information Figure S7 for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Tuning of Skyrmion Density in a Controllable Manner by Ion Irradiation

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that were found to be promising candidates for next-generation spintronic devices owing to their small size and unique current-induced dynamics.Increasing skyrmions density at designated locations in a controllable manner is a prerequisite to further improve the recording density of magnetic memory devices and relevant spintronics. Here, we demonstrate that a sharp increase in skyrmion density in magnetic multilayer films can be purposefully realized at a site-specific position by ion irradiation, which has industrial applicability. The Cs-scanning transmission electron microscopy and micromagnetic simulation results indicate that the skyrmions density can be sharply increased five times after applying an exposure with an irradiation dose of 1.5 × 10 14 Ga + /cm 2 , and the magnetic field required to create skyrmions is also reduced. The intrinsic physical mechanism of increasing skyrmion density is found to mainly originate from the formation of disorders through Ga + irradiation, which can induce a decrease in the nucleation energy barrier of skyrmions. We further show that the artificial skyrmion patterns with tunable density can be intentionally written at specific sites by using a Ga + ion beam. This work should contribute a significant step toward eventually realizing the practical recording application of magnetic skyrmions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Tuning of Skyrmion Density in a Controllable Manner by Ion Irradiation

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…(iii) Finally, we did not directly consider the depth dependence of the ion irradiation. Contrary to lighter He + ions, Ga + ions have a significantly lower penetration depth resulting in a depth dependent damage profile [35,36]. The number of layers of the magnetic multilayer was chosen to ensure that all the layers are affected by the ion irradiation to some extent, as can be seen from the TRIM [56] simulations in Appendix D, while maximizing the number of layers to ensure, e.g., skyrmion stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has already been well established that Ga + and other types of ion irradiation can be used to locally tune the magnetic parameters of single magnetic layers in areas as small as 40 nm [31][32][33][34], but its effect on magnetic multilayers is not yet understood. Very recently, a study investigating the effect of low energy, broad beam He + ion irradiation on [Pt|Co|Ta] ×10 multilayers reported that the magnetic parameters can indeed be controlled, similar to a single magnetic layer [35]. However, compared to He + ions, the penetration depth of Ga + ions is much lower [35,36] and therefore it is not immediately obvious that Ga + ions can also significantly affect the effective magnetic properties of the multilayer stack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, a study investigating the effect of low energy, broad beam He + ion irradiation on [Pt|Co|Ta] ×10 multilayers reported that the magnetic parameters can indeed be controlled, similar to a single magnetic layer [35]. However, compared to He + ions, the penetration depth of Ga + ions is much lower [35,36] and therefore it is not immediately obvious that Ga + ions can also significantly affect the effective magnetic properties of the multilayer stack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local control of magnetic interface effects in chiral Ir|Co|Pt multilayers using Ga+ ion irradiation

et al. 2022

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“…Since it leads to a modulation of domain wall energy and domain wall width, tuning the PMA is expected to affect the domain wall dynamics both in the creep and in the flow regime. [ 13,14 ] On the other hand, the modification of the DMI strength by ion irradiation [ 13–18 ] was also shown to have an impact on skyrmion stability and dynamics [ 18 ] and is expected to affect the velocity of chiral Néel walls. [ 6,19 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Néel Domain Walls Dynamics and Skyrmion Stability Using He Ion Irradiation

Balan

Jagt

Fassatoui

et al. 2023

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Ion irradiation with light ions is an appealing way to finely tune the magnetic properties of thin magnetic films and in particular the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). In this work, the effect of He + irradiation on the magnetization reversal and on the domain wall dynamics of Pt/Co/AlOx trilayers is illustrated. Fluences up to 1.5 × 10 15 ions cm −2 strongly decrease the PMA, without affecting neither the spontaneous magnetization nor the strength of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). This confirms experimentally the robustness of the DMI interaction against interfacial chemical intermixing, already predicted by theory. In parallel with the decrease of the PMA, a strong decrease of the domain wall depinning field is observed after irradiation. This allows the domain walls to reach large maximum velocities with a lower magnetic field compared to that needed for the pristine films. Decoupling PMA from DMI can, therefore, be beneficial for the design of low energy devices based on domain wall dynamics. When the samples are irradiated with larger He + fluences, the magnetization gets close to the out-of-plane/in-plane reorientation transition, where ≈100nm size magnetic skyrmions are stabilized. It is observed that as the He + fluence increases, the skyrmion size decreases while these magnetic textures become more stable against the application of an external magnetic field, as predicted by theoretical models developed for ultrathin films with labyrinthine domains.

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Tailoring interfacial effect in multilayers with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction by helium ion irradiation

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Precise Tuning of Skyrmion Density in a Controllable Manner by Ion Irradiation

Precise Tuning of Skyrmion Density in a Controllable Manner by Ion Irradiation

Local control of magnetic interface effects in chiral Ir|Co|Pt multilayers using Ga+ ion irradiation

Improving Néel Domain Walls Dynamics and Skyrmion Stability Using He Ion Irradiation

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