Tailoring the morphology of emulsion-templated porous polymers

Carnachan, Ross J.; Bokhari, Maria; Przyborski, Stefan; Cameron, Neil R.

doi:10.1039/b603211g

Cited by 183 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is because increased temperature reduces emulsion stability, leading to polyHIPE materials that are more closed cell in nature. These results are in keeping with those of other studies of the influence of aqueous phase temperature on polyHIPE morphology 46 . Suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering require highly interconnected voids with an average diameter of at least 50 µm.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

et al. 2012

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Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26250aPublisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractEmulsion templating has been used to prepare highly porous polyHIPE materials by thiol-ene photoinitiated network formation. Commercially available multifunctional thiols and acrylates were formulated into water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) using an appropriate surfactant, and the HIPEs were photo-cured. The temperature of the HIPE aqueous phase was found to influence the morphology of the resulting materials. In agreement with previous work, a higher aqueous phase temperature (80 o C) gave rise to a larger mean void and interconnect diameter. The influence of temperature on morphology was found to be reduced at higher porosity, but still significant. The Young's modulus of the porous materials was shown to be related to the functionality of the acrylate comonomer used. A mixture of penta-and hexa-acrylate gave rise to a 100-fold increase in modulus, compared to an analogous tri-functional acrylate. The materials could be functionalised conveniently by addition of mono-acrylates or thiols to the organic phase of the precursor HIPE. Degradation was observed to occur at a rate depending on the degradation conditions. Under cell culture conditions at 37 o C, 19% mass loss occurred over 15 weeks. The scaffolds were found to be capable of supporting the growth of keratinocytic cells (HaCaTs) over 11 days in culture. Some penetrative in-growth of the cells into the scaffold was observed.3

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confidence: 92%

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

et al. 2012

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“…That the GONPs did not protrude fully from the pore surface as expected, but instead partially embedded within the material, likely contributed to the lack of expected surface area increase. Partitioning is known to occur between emulsion phases [44] and is dependent on the surfactant layer at the interface [14]. Span ® 80 is associated with insufficient packing in the interfacial film owing to the cis conformation of the oleic tail, which can lead to partitioning and GONPs embedding in the pore walls [45].…”

Section: Materials Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

Choudhury

Duffy

Connolly³

et al. 2017

Separations

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This work presents the first instance of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of small molecules using graphene oxide nanoparticle-modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymeric high internal phase emulsion (GONP PS-co-DVB polyHIPE) materials housed within a 200-µm internal diameter (i.d.) fused silica capillary. The graphene oxide nanoparticle (GONP)-modified materials were produced as a potential strategy to increase both the surface area limitations and the reproducibility issues observed in monolithic stationary phase materials. GONP PS-co-DVB polyHIPEs were found to have a surface area up to 40% lower than unmodified polymeric high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) stationary phases. However, despite having a surface area significantly lower than that of the unmodified material, the GONP-modified polyHIPEs demonstrated superior analyte adsorption properties. Reducing the GONP material did not have any significant impact on elution order or retention factor of the analytes, which was most likely due to low GONP loading attributed to the 250-nm GONPs utilised. The lower surface area of GONP-modified polyHIPEs provided similar separation efficiency and increased repeatability from injection to injection resulting in % relative standard deviations (%RSDs) of less than 0.6%, indicating the potential offered by graphene oxide (GO)-modified polyHIPES in flow through applications such as adsorption or separation processes.

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“…The average diameter values were multiplied by this correction factor resulting in a more accurate description of pore diameter. 38 To calculate interconnect sizes, three median lines were drawn on each image, and the first 10 interconnects located in pores crossing each of these lines were counted. Average interconnect sizes for each poly-HIPE composition are reported (n = 150).…”

Section: Polyhipe Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Interconnected Pore Architecture in Injectable PolyHIPEs for Bone Tissue Engineering

Robinson

Moglia

Stuebben

et al. 2014

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Template polymerization of a high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) is a relatively new method to produce tunable high-porosity scaffolds for tissue regeneration. This study focuses on the development of biodegradable injectable polyHIPEs with interconnected porosity that have the potential to fill bone defects and enhance healing. Our laboratory previously fabricated biodegradable polyHIPEs that cure in situ upon injection; however, these scaffolds possessed a closed-pore morphology, which could limit bone ingrowth. To address this issue, HIPEs were fabricated with a radical initiator dissolved in the organic phase rather than the aqueous phase of the emulsion. Organic-phase initiation resulted in macromer densification forces that facilitated pore opening during cure. Compressive modulus and strength of the polyHIPEs were found to increase over 2 weeks to 43 -12 MPa and 3 -0.2 MPa, respectively, properties comparable to cancellous bone. The viscosity of the HIPE before cure (11.0 -2.3 Pa$s) allowed for injection and filling of the bone defect, retention at the defect site during cure under water, and microscale integration of the graft with the bone. Precuring the materials before injection allowed for tuning of the work and set times. Furthermore, storage of the HIPEs before cure for 1 week at 4°C had a negligible effect on pore architecture after injection and cure. These findings indicate the potential of these emulsions to be stored at reduced temperatures and thawed in the surgical suite before injection. Overall, this work highlights the potential of interconnected propylene fumarate dimethacrylate polyHIPEs as injectable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

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Tailoring the morphology of emulsion-templated porous polymers

Cited by 183 publications

References 27 publications

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

Degradable emulsion-templated scaffolds for tissue engineering from thiol–ene photopolymerisation

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Influence on Chromatographic Separation Using Polymeric High Internal Phase Emulsions

Achieving Interconnected Pore Architecture in Injectable PolyHIPEs for Bone Tissue Engineering

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