Tailoring the Sodium Storage Performance of Carbon Nanowires by Microstructure Design and Surface Modification with N, O and S Heteroatoms

Abstract

The electronic environment and physicochemical property of carbon materials can be easily tailored and modulated by heteroatom doping. Herein, we demonstrate that net‐like N, O, S triple‐doped microporous carbon nanowires (NOS‐MCNs) as an anode can be designed to improve the electrochemical performance of sodium ion batteries. Ammonium persulfate as oxidant can also provide a nitrogen and sulfur source for S‐containing PPy. The N, O and S atoms are introduced into the carbon skeleton with activation and carbonization processes to modify the surface properties. As an anode, the material exhibits a high specific capacity and a long lifespan (≈301 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) as well as an excellent rate capability (158 mA h g−1 at an extremely high current density of 10 A g−1). This work offers a facile strategy to synthesize triple‐doped porous carbon materials for sodium ion batteries and other energy‐storage fields.

Construction of robust coupling interface between MoS2 and nitrogen doped graphene for high performance sodium ion batteries

“…As can be seen, there are two prominent peaks at 381 and 407 cm −1 , which are correspond to the in-plane E 1 2g and out-of-plane A 1g vibration modes from hexagonal MoS 2 , respectively [36] . In addition, two other broad peaks are observed at about 1357 and 1589 cm −1 , which are attributed to the D and G bands of graphene, respectively [37] . In general, the D band is related to the defects and disorders in the carbon layers, while the G band indicates the presence of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms in the hexagonal carbon lattice.…”

Hard Carbons for Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Synthetic Strategies, Material Properties, and Storage Mechanisms

“…Conductivity enhancements, an increase in defectd ensity,areduction in the reactionand diffusion barriers, an increase in the interlayers eparations, anda ni ncreasei nt he nanovoid volume are some of the effects brought aboutb yd oping strategies to positivelyi nfluence the host carbonm aterial for SIB electrode storage. [51][52][53][54] Doping with certain groups,s uch as PO x ,i sn oted to lead to substantial enhancement in capacitive storaget hrough the sodiump ore-filling mechanism,a part from minor enhancements in intercalation capacities. [38] Doping of various heteroatoms, including N, S, B, Fa nd P, and their codoping in hard carbon systems has been widely studied in the context of their applicability as anode materials in SIBs.…”

“…[38] Doping of various heteroatoms, including N, S, B, Fa nd P, and their codoping in hard carbon systems has been widely studied in the context of their applicability as anode materials in SIBs. [51][52][53][54] Doping with certain groups,s uch as PO x ,i sn oted to lead to substantial enhancement in capacitive storaget hrough the sodiump ore-filling mechanism,a part from minor enhancements in intercalation capacities. [55] Nitrogen-doped hard carbon systems have been welle xplored as anode materials for SIBs.…”

Rhombic Dodecahedron ZIF‐8 Precursor: Designing Porous N‐Doped Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Nanostructure design, as an effective and general strategy, such as hollow or mesoporous structure, sheet morphology, has been developed to improve the performance . Furthermore, heteroatoms doping (e. g., N, S, P and B) is another approach to adjust the chemical and electric properties on the surface . The introduction of nitrogen atoms into carbon frameworks would generate various chemical configurations, including pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, graphitic N, and oxidized N .…”

“…[23][24][25] Furthermore, heteroatoms doping (e. g., N, S, P and B) is another approach to adjust the chemical and electric properties on the surface. [26][27][28] The introduction of nitrogen atoms into carbon frameworks would generate various chemical configurations, including pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, graphitic N, and oxidized N. [29] Pyridinic N, a nitrogen substitutes a carbon atom in a hexagon, which would donate one p-electron for the aromatic system. Pyrrolic N is a nitrogen bonded with two carbon atoms in a fivemembered ring, thus can contribute two electrons to the p system.…”