Taking a Stand Against Air Pollution—The Impact on Cardiovascular Disease

Bräuer, Michael; Casadei, Barbara; Harrington, Robert A.; Kovacs, Richard J.; Sliwa, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.003

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In particular, small particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm pose a risk of penetrating deep into the bronchioles and human lungs and directly affecting lung breathing. Inhalation of these particles increases teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic risk and leads to lung diseases, such as asthma, stroke, lung cancer, and heart disease [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Moreover, air pollutants greatly affect global health, and particulate matter (PM) plays a crucial role among these contaminants [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

2021

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Air pollution is one of the biggest health and environmental problems in the world and a huge threat to human health on a global scale. Due to the great impact of respiratory viral infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung disease, and heart disease, respiratory allergies are increasing significantly every year. Because of the special properties of electrospun nanofiber mats, e.g., large surface-to-volume ratio and low basis weight, uniform size, and nanoporous structure, nanofiber mats are the preferred choice for use in large-scale air filtration applications. In this review, we summarize the significant studies on electrospun nanofiber mats for filtration applications, present the electrospinning technology, show the structure and mechanism of air filtration. In addition, an overview of current air filtration materials derived from bio- and synthetic polymers and blends is provided. Apart from this, the use of biopolymers in filtration applications is still relatively new and this field is still under-researched. The application areas of air filtration materials are discussed here and future prospects are summarized in conclusion. In order to develop new effective filtration materials, it is necessary to understand the interaction between technology, materials, and filtration mechanisms, and this study was intended to contribute to this effort.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

2021

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“…However, the concentration of NO 2 increased significantly when the BSDW policy came into force. As shown in column (7), the estimated coefficient of the policy variable after controlling the meteorological factors is 1.865 under 1% significance. Evidence exists that NO 2 has negative environmental-human health consequences, especially in circumstances where prolonged exposure is experienced [75].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Air pollution is a major contributor to the global burden of disease [7], including cerebrovascular diseases [8], respiratory diseases [9], lung cancer [10] and mortality problems [11]. In China, about 1.2 million people died prematurely due to complication associated with air pollution in 2010 [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the “Blue Sky Defense War Policy” Paint the Sky Blue?—A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

Yang

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Improving air quality is an urgent task for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in China. In 2018, utilizing 365 days’ daily concentration data of six air pollutants (including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) at 947 air quality grid monitoring points of 13 cities in the BTH region and controlling the meteorological factors, this paper takes the implementation of the Blue Sky Defense War (BSDW) policy as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the emission reduction effect of the policy in the BTH region by applying the difference-in-difference method. Results show that the policy leads to the significant reduction of the daily average concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, O3 by −1.951 μg/m3, −3.872 μg/m3, −1.902 μg/m3, −7.882 μg/m3 and CO by −0.014 mg/m3, respectively. The results of the robustness test support the aforementioned conclusions. However, this paper finds that the concentration of NO2 increases significantly (1.865 μg/m3). In winter heating seasons, the concentration of SO2, CO and O3 decrease but PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 increase significantly. Besides, resource intensive cities, non-key environmental protection cities and cities in the north of the region have great potential for air pollutant emission reduction. Finally, policy suggestions are recommended; these include setting specific goals at the city level, incorporating more cities into the list of key environmental protection cities, refining the concrete indicators of domestic solid fuel, and encouraging and enforcing clean heating diffusion.

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“…The training took place under exposure to different air pollutant levels: high (exposure trial) and low (control trial). For the differentiation of high and low exposure conditions, we used 50 µg/m 3 The study group was healthy volunteers, comprising students of the Silesian University of Technology who exercised during either obligatory physical education classes (two times per week) or the training of the University Sports Association (Akademicki Związek Sportowy; these students were physically active for two or more hours per day). The exclusion criteria were current infection and any chronic cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, apart from allergies (unless they required anti-allergic drugs at the time of the study or were accompanied by asthma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the European Environment Agency, it is responsible for approximately 400,000 premature deaths in Europe [1]. Exposure to air pollutants can lead to acute cardiovascular events or exacerbations of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases [2,3]. Children, the elderly, and those with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are the most vulnerable groups in terms of the negative effects of air pollution [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise under Exposure to Air Pollution and Spirometry in Healthy Adults with and without Allergy

et al. 2021

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Ambient air pollution is a major environmental threat to human health. The acute effects of exposure to ambient air pollution during physical exercise may depend on allergy status. The aim of the study was to assess the acute respiratory responses to air pollution exposure during physical training in young adults with and without allergies. The studied group included 71 healthy young adults (n = 16 with allergy and n = 55 without allergy). Students completed two indoor physical training trials lasting 45–60 min: when air pollutants concentrations were high (exposure trial) and low (control trial). During each trial, we monitored outdoor and indoor environmental conditions. Participants performed spirometry at baseline and directly after the exercise. Exercise during exposure trials led to a small decrease in the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ref). Only during the control trials did the FEV1/forced vital capacity quotient (FEV1/FVC) statistically significantly increase. Moreover, just in the allergy group, there were statistically significant negative correlations between post-exercise FEV1/FVC change and 3 h average outdoor particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations (PM10: r = −0.54, p = 0.02, NO2: r = −0.60, p = 0.02). In young and healthy adults, sports training under exposure to high levels of ambient air pollutants leads to a small decrease in FEV1. The allergy might be a modifying factor in the respiratory responses to air pollution. Post-exercise decrease in FEV1/FVC was related to pre-exercise 3 h averages of PM10 and NO2 only in people with ever-diagnosed upper-respiratory allergy.

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Taking a Stand Against Air Pollution—The Impact on Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Filtering Applications—Technology, Structure and Materials

Does the “Blue Sky Defense War Policy” Paint the Sky Blue?—A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China

Exercise under Exposure to Air Pollution and Spirometry in Healthy Adults with and without Allergy

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