Tamias ochrogenys

Gannon, William L.; Forbes, Richard B.; Kain, Douglas E.

doi:10.2307/3504118

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Redwood chipmunks are reported to inhabit humid coastal forest with extensive understory shrubby vegetation or downed woody debris. 28 At HR, there was a tendency for chipmunks to focus on more mature redwood sites although they were also common in other transects and were present at all sites in HW. Redwood chipmunks are excellent hosts for A. phagocytophilum , with persistent infections associated with high levels of bacteremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Tick-Borne Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Associated with Habitat Type and Forest Change in Northern California

Foley¹,

Nieto²,

Foley³

2009

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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An important ecosystem service of intact forests is protection from some emerging infectious diseases. Tick-transmitted disease granulocytic anaplasmosis increasingly occupies second-growth forest. We hypothesized that areas of second growth would have increases in tick and rodent abundance, facilitating emergence of anaplasmosis. We predicted Anaplasma phagocytophilum presence as a function of biocomplexity and forest structure, including vegetation, ticks, and rodents in four sites in California. Significant risk factors for exposure included host species (woodrats with 13% seroprevalence, odds ratio [OR] = 8.3 and chipmunks with 27% seroprevalence, OR = 20.7), and park location (northern parks, OR 25.5–27.7). Exposure to A. phagocytophilum was more likely among chipmunks in redwood sites at one park, but with woodrats and oaks at another. Overall, transects on which small mammals showed greatest A. phagocytophilum exposure had high biodiversity in ticks, rodents, and vegetation, as well as intermediate-sized trees with a high mean and variance in diameter at breast height, findings which suggest that a dilution effect, where increased biodiversity reduces disease risk, does not necessarily apply in this system. Thus, enzootic and potentially emerging anaplasmosis were linked to high biodiversity and mature second-growth forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Tick-Borne Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Associated with Habitat Type and Forest Change in Northern California

Foley¹,

Nieto²,

Foley³

2009

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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“…These animals occupy coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ) and mixed coniferous/Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) forests in a restricted geographical range in California south of the Eel River in Humboldt County, south to central Sonoma County, and 40 km east, from 0–1280 m above sea level (Gannon et al, 1993). Closely related species, including T. sonomae (Sciuridae, Grinnell 1915) and T. senex (Sciuridae, Allen 1890), are found just south and north to northeast of T. ochrogenys .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of tick-transmitted infections in the redwood chipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys)

Foley

Nieto

2011

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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The redwood chipmunk contributes to the maintenance of tick-borne diseases in northern California. The range of redwood chipmunks overlaps that of western black-legged ticks and tick-borne disease, including granulocytic anaplasmosis and Lyme borreliosis. Chipmunks have high Anaplasma phagocytophilum PCR- and seroprevalence, are infested with a diversity of Ixodes spp. ticks, and are reservoir competent for Borrelia burgdorferi. We hypothesized that chipmunks could maintain tick-borne disease on the forest floor while also potentially bridging infection to arboreal sciurids as well. We used radio-telemetry to evaluate chipmunk movement and use of trees, characterized burrows, described prevalence of tick-borne disease, and identified ticks on these chipmunks. A total of 192 chipmunks from Hendy Woods, Mendocino County, California, USA, was evaluated between November 2005 and April 2009. The mean density was 2.26–5.8 chipmunks/ha. The longest detected life span was 3 years. Female weights ranged from 80–120 g and males from 80–180 g. The A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia spp. seroprevalence was 21.4% and 24.7%, respectively, and PCR prevalence for these pathogens was 10.6% and 0%, respectively. Ixodes spp. ticks included I. angustus, I. ochotonae, I. pacificus, and I. spinipalpis. The mean infestation level was 0.92 ticks/chipmunk. Based on telemetry of 11 chipmunks, the greatest distance traveled ranged from 0.14–0.63 km for females and 0.1–1.26 km for males. Areas occupied by chipmunks ranged from 0.005–0.24 km2 for females and 0.006–0.73 km2 for males. On 3 occasions, chipmunks were found in trees. Burrows were identified under a moss-covered redwood log, deep under a live redwood tree, under a Douglas fir log, in a clump of huckleberry, in a root collection from an overturned Douglas fir tree, and in a cluster of exposed huckleberry roots. The biology of the redwood chipmunk has multiple features that allow it to be an important reservoir host for tick-borne disease in northwestern California.

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Order Rodentia

Álvarez-Castañeda

2024

Mammals of North America - Volume 2

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Tamias ochrogenys

Cited by 3 publications

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Emergence of Tick-Borne Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Associated with Habitat Type and Forest Change in Northern California

Emergence of Tick-Borne Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Associated with Habitat Type and Forest Change in Northern California

The ecology of tick-transmitted infections in the redwood chipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys)

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