Tamil traditional medicinal system - siddha: an indigenous health practice in the international perspectives

Abstract

Traditional Medicinal System (TMS) is one of the centuries-old practices and long-serving companions to the human kind to fight against disease and to lead a healthy life. Every indigenous people have been using their unique approaches of TMS practice where among, the Chinese, Indian and African TMSs are worldwide renowned. India has a unique Indian System of Medicines (ISM) consisting of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy. Siddhars are the saints as well as the eminent scholars, who have attained Ashta-mahasiddhi [Tamil: (Ashta-Eight; Mahasiddhi-Power)] or enlightment. They have postulated, practiced, immensely contributed and have established the concept of the Tamil medicinal system called Siddha System of Medicine (SSM). From ancient time, SSM has flourished and has been widely practiced in the southern part of India particularly in Tamil Nadu. The induction of the modern medicinal system has immensely influenced the existence of SSM and has made the SSM principles and practices undervalued/extinct. However, at present, still a considerable group of people are using the SSM as a basic health-care modality. In this context, the present scrutiny deals with the TMS history, its significance with a special reference to SSM history, Siddhars, the basic concept of SSM, its diagnostic procedures, materia medica and treatment. Conclusively, Siddha is one of the most ancient indigenous health practices despite its several thorny challenges and issues, which needs to be flagged effectively and to be preserved and revitalized in the international arena in the near future.

Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future

“…It is believed that in ancient time, the system was developed by eighteen siddhar (a class of Tamil sages). Though Siddha system of medicine resembles with Ayurveda in many aspects it has own philosophy and concept, holistic approach, and lifestyle oriented measures 12, 13, 14, 15…”

Relevance of Traditional Indian Medical Concepts in Psychosomatic Medicine

“…Siddha literature is in Tamil and is practised largely in Tamil speaking part of India and abroad. Some of the works by Ayastiyar are present in standard books of medicine and surgery in daily use among the Siddha medical practitioners (11). Like Ayurveda, its basic premise is that all objects in the universe including human body are composed of five basic elements (Pancha Mahabhoota, vide Supra) namely, earth, water, fire, air and sky.…”

Toward the integration and advancement of herbal medicine: a focus on traditional Indian medicine

“…Examination of the pulse, urine, and different anatomical features like the tongue, voice, complexion, eyes, touch (to find dry, warm, cold, sweating condition), and stools are commonly used as diagnostic criteria in Siddha medicine. 16,18,19 The basics of the Unani system of medicine were laid by Hippocrates and later by Galen. In the eleventh century, the Unani system was introduced in India by Arabs and Persians.…”