Tandemly Repeated 147 bp Elements Cause Structural and Functional Variation in DivergentMAL Promoters ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Bell, Philip; Higgins, Vincent J.; Dawes, Ian W.; Bissinger, Peter H.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(19970930)13:12<1135::aid-yea162>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Within the promoter region of the Malx1p maltose permeases, another regulatory sequence has been identified by Bell et al (1997). This is a tandemly repeated 147 bp element that results in a decrease in effectiveness of the transcriptional activator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the putative maltose transporters encoded by YDL247w and YJR160c

Day

Higgins

Rogers³

et al. 2002

Yeast

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The maltose permease family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprises five proteins, three of which are characterized, MAL31, MAL61 and AGT1 and two putative permeases, YDL247w (MPH2 ) and YJR160c (MPH3 ). The two uncharacterized permeases share 100% identity and have 75% identity with MAL31 and MAL61 and 55% identity with AGT1. Characterization of the genes YDL247w and YJR160c confirmed that they encode α-glucoside permeases capable of transporting maltose, maltotriose, α-methylglucoside and turanose. Analysis of the promoter regions identified regulatory elements, binding sites for the transcriptional activator, Malx3p and the inhibitory protein, Mig1p. Further analysis of the flanking sequences located blocks of identity covering five open reading frames, indicating that this region was involved in chromosomal block duplication. The members of the maltose permease family are proteins that have strongly overlapping but nevertheless distinct functions, which is a selective advantage for yeast, as it reflects successful adaptation to the variety of environmental conditions to which the yeast cells are exposed; such adaptability is very important in an industrial context.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the putative maltose transporters encoded by YDL247w and YJR160c

Day

Higgins

Rogers³

et al. 2002

Yeast

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“…4). Similarly, a 147-bp repeated element found in MAL promoters from baker's yeast strains also alters gene expression (Bell et al 1997).…”

Section: Adaptive Chromosome Rearrangements In Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution of Yeast Strains

Pérez‐Ortín

Querol²,

Puig³

et al. 2002

Genome Res.

246

273

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Wine yeast strains show a high level of chromosome length polymorphism. This polymorphism is mainly generated by illegitimate recombination mediated by Ty transposons or subtelomeric repeated sequences. We have found, however, that the SSU1-R allele, which confers sulfite resistance to yeast cells, is the product of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes VIII and XVI due to unequal crossing-over mediated by microhomology between very short sequences on the 5Ј upstream regions of the SSU1 and ECM34 genes. We also show that this translocation is only present in wine yeast strains, suggesting that the use for millennia of sulfite as a preservative in wine production could have favored its selection. This is the first time that a gross chromosomal rearrangement is shown to be involved in the adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[The sequence data from this study have been submitted to EMBL under accession nos. AF239757, AF239758, and AJ458340-AJ458367. The following individual kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: N. Goto-Yamamoto.] The unaware use of yeast for winemaking by the first agricultural civilizations has been reported as far back as 7400 years ago. Until the middle of the last millennium, wines were mainly produced around the Mediterranean Sea and the Caucasus. Since then, winemaking has spread with the European colonizers throughout the temperate regions of the world (Pretorius 2000).Although different genera and species of yeasts are found in musts, the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mainly responsible for the transformation of musts into wines. The origin of S. cerevisiae is controversial. Some authors propose that this species is a "natural" organism present in plant fruits (Mortimer and Polsinelli 1999). Others argue that S. cerevisiae is a domesticated species originated from its closest relative S. paradoxus, a wild species found all around the world (Vaughan-Martini and Martini 1995). This debate is important in postulating the original genome of S. cerevisiae and how the strong selective pressure applied since its first unconscious use in controlled fermentation processes has reshaped it. Useful phenotypic traits such as fast growth in sugar-rich media, high alcohol production and tolerance, and good flavor production selected for billions of generations have had strong influences on the S. cerevisiae genome.In contrast to most S. cerevisiae strains used in the laboratory, which are either haploid or diploid and have a constant chromosome electrophoretic profile, wine yeast strains are mainly diploid, aneuploid, or polyploid, homothallic, and . Their exacerbated capacity to reorganize its genome by chromosome rearrangements such as Ty-promoted chromosomal translocations (Longo and Vézinhet 1993;Rachidi et al. 1999), mitotic crossing-over (Aguilera et al. 2000), and gene conversion (Puig et al. 2000) promotes a faster adaptation to environmental changes than spontaneous mutations, which occur at comparatively very low rat...

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“…1). The respective region between the Saccharomyces carlsbergensis MAL61 ‐ MAL62 genes is 884 bp long [24], but in industrial strains of S. cerevisiae it is longer due to the tandem insertion of several 147‐bp repeats [25]. The length of the intergenic region of the K. lactis maltose permease and maltase genes is 1107 bp (GenBank accession number AF261762).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the maltase gene promoter in and

Alamäe

Pärn

Viigand

et al. 2003

FEMS Yeast Research

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Hansenula polymorpha is an exception among methylotrophic yeasts because it can grow on the disaccharides maltose and sucrose. We disrupted the maltase gene (HPMAL1) in H. polymorpha 201 using homologous recombination. Resulting disruptants HP201HPMAL1Delta failed to grow on maltose and sucrose, showing that maltase is essential for the growth of H. polymorpha on both disaccharides. Expression of HPMAL1 in HP201HPMAL1Delta from the truncated variants of the promoter enabled us to define the 5'-upstream region as sufficient for the induction of maltase by disaccharides and its repression by glucose. Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae maltase gene MAL62 was induced by maltose and sucrose, and repressed by glucose if expressed in HP201HPMAL1Delta from its own promoter. Similarly, the HPMAL1 promoter was recognized and correctly regulated by the carbon source in a S. cerevisiae maltase-negative mutant 100-1B. Therefore we suggest that the transcriptional regulators of S. cerevisiae MAL genes (MAL activator and Mig1 repressor) can affect the expression of the H. polymorpha maltase gene, and that homologues of these proteins may exist in H. polymorpha. Using the HPMAL1 gene as a reporter in a H. polymorpha maltase disruption mutant it was shown that the strength of the HPMAL1 promoter if induced by sucrose is quite comparable to the strength of the H. polymorpha alcohol oxidase promoter under conditions of methanol induction, revealing the biotechnological potential of the HPMAL1 promoter.

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Tandemly Repeated 147 bp Elements Cause Structural and Functional Variation in DivergentMAL Promoters ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of the putative maltose transporters encoded by YDL247w and YJR160c

Characterization of the putative maltose transporters encoded by YDL247w and YJR160c

Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution of Yeast Strains

Regulation of the maltase gene promoter in and

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