Tank-Level Control of Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Based on Gaussian Function Nonlinear Decoration

Zhao, Zhi‐Jian; Zhang, Xianku; Li, Ze

doi:10.3390/jmse8090695

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Onboard ships, there are many types of tanks for various purposes, such as fuel oil and lubricating oil tanks, ballast tanks, fresh water tanks, gray water tanks, technical water tanks, liquified natural gas (LNG) tanks, etc. [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Tank-Level Control Using Dahlin Algorithm Design and PID Control

et al. 2023

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Liquid-level control in tanks is widely used in various industrial sectors. Due to problems arising from the case that the liquid level is above or below the recommended, the process of its control is of great significance. The proportional integral differential (PID) controller is one of the most widely used controllers in applications that require accuracy and optimal automatic control. In this paper, single and coupled ship fuel tank systems are discussed. In addition, mathematical models and their linearization using two different approaches are presented. The two control approaches are used to maintain the specified liquid level in tanks. The first is based on the design of standard PID controllers, with the application of the Ziegler–Nichols, Takahashi tuning, and Auto-tuning methods. The second approach, proposed by the authors, is based on the application of the Dahlin algorithm. The simple modification of the Dahlin controller, which can avoid the “ringing” of the control signal, is suggested in the paper. Moreover, the lower limit of the decrease in the desired time constant, which ensures the desired behavior of the system, is determined. The comparisons provided for different performance indexes show the advantages of the modified Dahlin algorithm approach compared to the standard PID controllers. Furthermore, the comparison with the literature-known approaches is realized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental protection awareness has been significantly increased in the last decades due to the rapid social and economic development in the shipping industry [10]. Nowadays, we have new standards for limiting the ship emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Tank-Level Control Using Dahlin Algorithm Design and PID Control

et al. 2023

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“…Of note, it is important to consider the pressure, temperature, and other variables related to the material state (liquid, gas, or solid) while designing a vessel [1]. Furthermore, in the processes of the control system, liquid level control is important because it can improve the quality of the products and make the operations safer for both workers and the equipment [2][3][4][5]. Recently in the industry, several methods and strategies for level control systems were developed, in which the performance of the level control system should meet the application requirements [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement-Learning-Based Level Controller for Separator Drum Unit in Refinery System

Ali

Rashid

Alhasnawi³

et al. 2023

Mathematics

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The Basrah Refinery, Iraq, similarly to other refineries, is subject to several industrial constraints. Therefore, the main challenge is to optimize the parameters of the level controller of the process unit tanks. In this paper, a PI controller is designed for these important processes in the Basrah Refinery, which is a separator drum (D5204). Furthermore, the improvement of the PI controller is achieved under several constraints, such as the inlet liquid flow rate to tank (m2) and valve opening in yi%, by using two different techniques: the first one is conducted using a closed-Loop PID auto-tuner that is based on a frequency system estimator, and the other one is via the reinforcement learning approach (RL). RL is employed through two approaches: the first is calculating the optimal PI parameters as an offline tuner, and the second is using RL as an online tuner to optimize the PI parameters. In this case, the RL system works as a PI-like controller of RD5204. The mathematical model of the RD5204 system is derived and simulated using MATLAB. Several experiments are designed to validate the proposed controller. Further, the performance of the proposed system is evaluated under several industrial constraints, such as disturbances and noise, in which the results indict that RL as a tuner for the parameters of the PI controller is superior to other methods. Furthermore, using RL as a PI-like controller increases the controller’s robustness against uncertainty and perturbations.

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“…According to the forecast of the global LNG outlook [6], global energy demand from 2019 to 2035, more than 40% will be supplied by LNG, and its output will maintain an annual growth rate of more than 4%. Since LNG is a multicomponent mixture mainly dominated by methane, the relevant thermophysical properties (density, boiling point, temperature and pressure) vary slightly depending on the origin [7]. In the process of transportation and storage of LNG, the unstable storage phenomenon caused by the violent evaporation of the liquid is prone to occur in the storage tank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Process of Liquefied Natural Gas from Stratification to Rollover in Tanks of Coastal Engineering with the Influence of Baffle Structure

Wang

Han

Liu

et al. 2021

JMSE

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During the storage process, liquefied natural gas (LNG) may undergo severe evaporation, stratification, and rollover in large storage tanks due to heat leakage, aging, or charging, causing major safety risks. Therefore, this article theoretically analyzes the causes and inducing factors of the LNG stratification and rollover phenomenon in the storage tank of coastal engineering. The computational fluid dynamics was used to establish a numerical model for the heat and mass transfer of LNG multicomponent materials in the imaginary layered interface of the storage tank, and the evolution process of LNG from spontaneous stratification to rollover was simulated. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by comparing numerical results with experimental data from open literature. The effects of the density difference between upper and lower layers, layering parameters, heat leakage parameters, and the baffles structure on the rollover process were studied. The effects of the interfacial surface variations are not included in this study. The results show that different baffle structures will form different boundary velocity fields, which will only affect the severity of the rollover, not the occurrence time. The larger the layering density difference, the earlier the rollover occurs. Under current conditions, the baffle structure that has the best suppression of rollover and the minimum boundary velocity is at 0.5 m above the stratified interface with the installation of the baffle at 5 degrees.

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Tank-Level Control of Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Based on Gaussian Function Nonlinear Decoration

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Nonlinear Tank-Level Control Using Dahlin Algorithm Design and PID Control

Nonlinear Tank-Level Control Using Dahlin Algorithm Design and PID Control

Reinforcement-Learning-Based Level Controller for Separator Drum Unit in Refinery System

Evolution Process of Liquefied Natural Gas from Stratification to Rollover in Tanks of Coastal Engineering with the Influence of Baffle Structure

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