Tantalum and magnesium nanoparticles enhance the biomimetic properties and osteo-angiogenic effects of PCL membranes

Abstract

Segmental bone defects, accompanied by periosteum stripping or injury, usually lead to delayed bone union or nonunion, which have challenged orthopedic surgeons. The periosteum, which provides essential blood supply and initial stem cells for bone tissue, plays an important role in the repair of bone defects. The reconstruction of the destroyed periosteum has attracted the attention of researchers exploring more satisfactory therapies to repair bone defects. However, periosteum-like biomaterials have yet to meet the clinical requirements and resolve this challenging problem. In this study, we manufactured a nanofiber periosteum replacement based on poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), in which tantalum nanoparticles (TaNPs) and nanoscale magnesium oxide (MgO) were introduced to enhance its osteogenic and angiogenic ability. The results of in vitro experiments indicated that the PCL/Ta/MgO periosteum replacement, with excellent cytocompatibility, promoted the proliferation of both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Furthermore, the incorporation of TaNPs and nano-MgO synergistically enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the angiogenic properties of EPCs. Similarly, the results of in vivo experiments from subcutaneous implantation and critical-sized calvarial defect models showed that the PCL/Ta/MgO periosteum replacement combined the osteogenesis and angiogenesis abilities, promoting vascularized bone formation to repair critical-sized calvarial defects. The results of our study suggest that the strategy of stimulating repairing bone defects can be achieved with the periosteum repaired in situ and that the proposed periosteum replacement can act as a bioactive medium to accelerate bone healing.

Transition metals in angiogenesis – A narrative review

“…Tantalum NPs incorporated in nanofiber PCL membranes induced EPCs to form vessel-like structures in the tube formation assay [ 282 ]. The incorporation of magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs within the biomimetic material significantly augmented this effect.…”

“…Considering tantalum's chemical stability, few ions were released into the surroundings. The authors indicate that the proangiogenic effects are probably linked to the MgO NPs, which showed the highest ion release [ 282 ]. Furthermore, magnesium agents have previously shown inducing effects on angiogenesis [ 283 ].…”

Functional β‐TCP/MnO2/PCL artificial periosteum promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by reducing locally reactive oxygen species level

“…Cells were cultured on artificial periosteal for 48 h with 100 mmol/L H 2 O 2 . For Alizarin red, Sirius red and ALP staining, identical staining procedures were described previously 18 . Briefly, 5 days after cultured with osteogenic media, ALP staining was performed, and 7 days after osteogenesis induction Sirius red staining was performed.…”

“…For Alizarin red, Sirius red and ALP staining, identical staining procedures were described previously. 18 Briefly, 5 days after cultured with osteogenic media, ALP staining was performed, and 7 days after osteogenesis induction Sirius red staining was performed. 14 days after osteogenesis culturing, Alizarin red was performed, as it was an important indicator in late stage of osteogenesis.…”

Osteogenic Potential of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

“…The authors performed an ALP assay because it is a reliable marker to prove early osteogenic activity. PCL/Ta/MgO group showed the highest ALP activity compared to both the other groups on day seven [ 12 ]. Xing et al studied the characteristics of magnesium oxide nanoparticles that were embedded in the polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated through electro-spinning and placed in calvarial defects.…”