Tap-Hole Life Cycle Design Criteria: A Case Study Based on Silicomanganese Production

Steenkamp, J.D.; Sutherland, J. J.; Hayman, Derek Alan; Muller, J.

doi:10.1007/s11837-016-1862-9

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Alloy produced at Transalloys is either C-saturated or SiCsaturated depending on the silicon grade of the alloy (see Figure 3) (Steenkamp et al, 2016).…”

Section: Why Silicon Carbide and Carbon Tap-holes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managing the tap-hole life-cycle at five submerged arc furnaces producing silicomanganese at Transalloys

Sutherland¹,

Gous²

2019

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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Transalloys is a silicomanganese (SiMn) producer located in South Africa, and uses only local manganese ores to produce SiMn alloy. The plant operates five open submerged arc furnaces (SAFs) with an annual capacity of 180 000 t of saleable SiMn. Maintaining tap-holes is critical for effective furnace operation, allowing proper drainage of the furnace with minimal operator interference. Using a claygun and drill arrangement installed at each furnace, tapping occurs every four hours. Tap-holes are maintained through mickey replacement and brick repairs. Three furnaces have SiC tap-holes and two have graphite tap-holes. This paper gives a review of SAF operation, furnace and tap-hole design, daily tapping operation, and maintenance practices for repairing tap-holes.

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“…Alloy produced at Transalloys is either C-saturated or SiCsaturated depending on the silicon grade of the alloy (see Figure 3) (Steenkamp et al, 2016).…”

Section: Why Silicon Carbide and Carbon Tap-holes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defining tap-hole life cycle, Steenkamp et al, (2016) highlighted four main steps: installation during furnace relines, day-to-day operations, tap-hole maintenance, and tap-hole repair. The authors argued that the design of the tap-hole area should allow for all four stages in the tap-hole life-cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the tap-hole life-cycle at five submerged arc furnaces producing silicomanganese at Transalloys

Sutherland¹,

Gous²

2019

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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“…This loss of clay is a common problem that is often addressed by tap hole maintenance, and may be minimized, e.g., by using sacrificial plates of compressed fiber at the end of the mud gun. 80 In stack gas from furnace smelting processes, the PAH compounds containing two or three benzene rings are typically gaseous, while those containing more benzene rings are either semivolatile or totally adsorbed on oxide dust or soot particles. The lightest species, naphthalene (boiling point 218°C), will be found in the gas phase even at low temperatures, whereas the larger molecular compounds are liquid or solid and commonly adsorbed on particles.…”

Section: Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfurous Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Emissions from Mn Ferroalloy Production

Kero

Eidem

et al. 2018

JOM

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Airborne emissions from metal production represent a health, safety, and environmental challenge to which more and more attention is being directed. Industries worldwide, as well as authorities and others, are resolute in their aim of limiting, reducing, and ultimately eliminating these emissions. Many lessons can be learned by sharing information between industrial branches, as many industries face similar challenges. Certain challenges are, however, highly branch specific. For the Mn ferroalloy industry, such examples include the types of dust generated in the primary processes and the management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mercury with respect to furnace design and operation. This article covers airborne emissions from manganese ferroalloy production, including greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides (NO x), sulfurous gases, PAH, airborne particulate matter, and trace elements, including mercury and other heavy metals. The aim is to summarize current knowledge in a state-of-the-art overview intended to introduce fresh industry engineers and academic researchers to the technological aspects relevant to reduction of airborne emissions.

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“…The tap-hole lifecycle typically consists of a combination of four functions: operation, relining, maintenance, and repair. 1 Management practices associated with each of these functions typically form part of day-to-day furnace operations, and benchmarking allows for furnace operators to evaluate their practices against those of their peers. The more participants in a benchmarking exercise, the greater the potential for comparison and therefore for improvement by participants in such an exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmark for Tap-Hole Lifecycle Management Practices in Silicomanganese Production When Submerged Arc Furnace Technology of Circular Design is Applied

Steenkamp

Hayman

Bezuidenhout

2019

JOM

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A holistic conceptualisation of the variables forming part of tap-hole lifecycle management and performance was defined previously for coke bed-based processes in which submerged arc furnace technology of circular design was applied. In the work presented here, the variables were applied to silicomanganese production comparing the tap-hole lifecycle management practices and performance among five furnaces on one site. The quantified independent variables were divided into four functions associated with the tap-hole lifecycle (operations, reline, maintenance, and repair), and a selection of the results is reported here. Having the benchmark available will contribute to comparative studies in future.

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Tap-Hole Life Cycle Design Criteria: A Case Study Based on Silicomanganese Production

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Managing the tap-hole life-cycle at five submerged arc furnaces producing silicomanganese at Transalloys

Managing the tap-hole life-cycle at five submerged arc furnaces producing silicomanganese at Transalloys

Airborne Emissions from Mn Ferroalloy Production

Benchmark for Tap-Hole Lifecycle Management Practices in Silicomanganese Production When Submerged Arc Furnace Technology of Circular Design is Applied

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