Tar Evolution in the Two Stage Fluid Bed-Plasma Gasification Process

Materazzi, Massimiliano

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46870-9_6

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This should leave the phosphate PO 4 ion in the plasma phase, however the phosphate ion has a high proton affinity . As organic plasmas are abundant in protons due to abstraction from hydrocarbon molecules, these protons will easily attach to the oxygen atoms in the phosphate ion . Thus, after fragmentation of the three ethyl groups from TEP, the fully protonated P(OH) 4 + ion is formed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of organophosphate thin film coatings from low pressure plasma and the effect of the substrate on adhesion

Paulino

Saboohi

Michelmore

2017

Plasma Process Polym

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Plasma polymers incorporating phosphate ions have been produced using triethyl phosphate as the precursor. Plasma phase analysis showed that the phosphate ion is highly stable in the plasma, while neutral species are more likely to be hydrocarbon precursor fragments. Increasing the RF power input increases the contribution of ions to the deposition. Surface analysis by XPS showed that the plasma polymer surfaces were a mixture of hydrocarbon species, retained PO groups, with only minor loss of PO groups. The stability of the plasma polymers in water on different substrates showed that applied RF power only had a minor effect on film solubility. The nature of the substrate − plasma species interaction is critical in being able to form insoluble structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of organophosphate thin film coatings from low pressure plasma and the effect of the substrate on adhesion

Paulino

Saboohi

Michelmore

2017

Plasma Process Polym

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“…For clarity, the function (18), which characterizes the oxygen content of L as a function of the amount of steam K introduced by the PT, is shown in Figure 3 as line 1. Line 4 represents the thermal power introduced into the reactor by a plasma jet at its nominal enthalpy of H PL = 3.6 kWÁh/kg in accordance with equation…”

Section: Plasma-steam-oxygen Gasification In Stoichiometric Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical wastes from hospitals, dental clinics and other health centers are collected and recycled in about 1500 large companies. Most of them are located in the USA, France, Great Britain and Japan [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Plasma Gasification Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment

Zhovtyansky¹,

Valincius²

2018

Gasification for Low-Grade Feedstock

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The chapter is devoted to the development of technologies for the processing of carbonaceous wastes, including hazardous ones, using plasma energy sources. In particular, plasma-steam equipment provides complete environmental safety and high quality of the synthesis gas produced. Its application is also discussed to exclude the risk of environmental pollution by heavy metals, if they are contained in the recycled waste. The advantages of using oxygen instead of air as an additional reagent in gasification processes are underlined. It is shown that the proposed variant of the processing technology corresponds well to the general idea of numerous publications in the world scientific literature, known as the Waste-to-Energy. It has been shown that plasma equipment has significant advantages in terms of the commercialization of processes for the treatment of sewage sludge and some other hazardous waste.

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“…FBG maintains an even bed temperature and operates between 800 and 1000 • C [9]. The different types of FBGs are circulating fluidized bed gasifiers, bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers, and dual-stage gasifiers with a conversion efficiency of 90-95% [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Selecting an Ideal Thermal Gasification Technique for Municipal Solid Waste Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Kaneesamkandi,

Rehman,

Usmani

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Awareness of the consequences of waste mismanagement has resulted in urban planners looking for effective disposal techniques with the added benefit of energy generation. The decision regarding an energy conversion technique to adopt on a community level is based on different technology assessment factors with maximum weightage on environmental effects. Gasification techniques in general and thermal gasification strategies in particular are appropriate methods when environmental impacts are to be minimized. Thermal gasification techniques have evolved with different configurations, syngas generation rates, and other advantages and disadvantages; hence, the selection of the right technique is essential, and establishing guidelines for decision-makers is necessary. The six different gasifiers considered in the present study were updraft gasifiers, downdraft gasifiers, cross-draft gasifiers, bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers, circulating fluidized bed gasifiers, and dual-bed fluidized bed gasifiers. The assessments performed in the present study are based on the attributes of the different techniques using the multi-criteria decision method. Multi-criteria decision analysis is an appropriate method proven to be an ideal procedure in these situations. Attribute values for gasifier performance, environmental effects, economic performance indices, and fuel requirements were determined from collected waste assessment data and published information. Analysis was performed for both recycling and non-recycling scenarios of waste utilization by applying different weight scenarios for the attributes. Results of the study indicate that downdraft gasifiers showed the best performance in terms of environmental effects under the recycling scenario, with 0.1% and 0.0125% by volume of carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and under the non-recycling scenario, with 0.125% and 0.02% by volume of carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Downdraft gasifiers had high overall rankings in performance when evaluated against different entropy weights for both scenarios. The results of the study can be applied to urban communities in different climatic regions as well as for different scales of operation.

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Tar Evolution in the Two Stage Fluid Bed-Plasma Gasification Process

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

The chemistry of organophosphate thin film coatings from low pressure plasma and the effect of the substrate on adhesion

The chemistry of organophosphate thin film coatings from low pressure plasma and the effect of the substrate on adhesion

Efficiency of Plasma Gasification Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment

Methodology for Selecting an Ideal Thermal Gasification Technique for Municipal Solid Waste Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

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