2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.01.007
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Targeted and effective photodynamic therapy for cancer using functionalized nanomaterials

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive therapeutic strategy that involves photosensitizer (PS) drugs and external light for the treatment of diseases. Despite the great progress in PS-mediated PDT, their clinical applications are still hampered by poor water solubility and tissue/cell specificity of conventional PS drugs. Therefore, great efforts have been made towards the development of nanomaterials that can tackle fundamental challenges in conventional PS drug–mediated PDT for cancer treatm… Show more

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Cited by 315 publications
(221 citation statements)
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References 87 publications
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“…Nanomaterials can also be loaded with immunostimulatory agents, together with a PS, to enhance PDT-induced immune responses (Yang et al 2016). However, systemic toxicity associated with nanomaterials is still an issue that needs to be fully addressed to ensure safe and successful clinical translation (Hong et al 2016).…”
Section: Targeting Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Nanomaterials can also be loaded with immunostimulatory agents, together with a PS, to enhance PDT-induced immune responses (Yang et al 2016). However, systemic toxicity associated with nanomaterials is still an issue that needs to be fully addressed to ensure safe and successful clinical translation (Hong et al 2016).…”
Section: Targeting Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Remaining challenges in both active and passive targeting intensified the search for nanomaterials, such as liposomes, polymeric, and gold and silica nanoparticles, that may combine both types of targeting, increase passive targeting of PS through the EPR effect or deliver otherwise water-insoluble PS (Hong et al 2016). An effective nano-PDT system was constructed from mesoporus silica nanocarriers that were loaded with protoporphyrin IX and an imaging agent (FITC), then derivatised with folate on the phospholipid-capped nanocarriers for selective targeting (Teng et al 2013).…”
Section: Targeting Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The latter can be encapsulated in either the aqueous phase of liposomes or their lipid bilayers, depending on the hydrophilicity [37]. For example, to improve the selectivity of photoditazine (PS based on chlorine e6 derivative) accumulation in the tumor tissue, the liposome composite of photoditazine was created [38].…”
Section: Photosensitizersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One of them, Pheophorbide-a (Pheo-a), is a well-known chlorophyll metabolite characterized by the chlorine-type visible absorption spectrum [1,2] with high extinction coefficient in the red region where the transparency of tissues to light increases considerably. This dye selectively accumulates in the tumor cells that determine its widespread using as a photosensitizer for PDT of tumors [3][4][5][6]. One of the mechanisms of the Pheo-a action on tumor tissues is based on the ability of the dye to produce singlet oxygen in cells under red light irradiation [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%