Targeted delivery as key for the success of small osteoinductive molecules

The Use of Adipose Tissue-Derived Progenitors in Bone Tissue Engineering - a Review

“…Other short peptides have been synthesized based on the active sequence of the parent proteins such as collagen type 1, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and osteogenic growth peptide. These works have been discussed well in recent reviews by Balmayor [40] and by Maia et al [44]. …”

“…Dexamethasone, phenamil, oxysterols, purmorphasmine, fingolimod, lovastatin, atrovastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin are examples for small osteogenic molecules reported thus far [40]. All these molecules display osteogenic properties in in vitro or in vivo models and have shown to increase the expression of bone-related genes, bone mineralization, and new bone formations.…”

“…For example, the BMP-derived short peptides are quiet stable, and they interact with BMPR-I and II which triggers the downstream signaling pathways [44]. Positive in vitro and in vivo results have been obtained with the short peptides, and these peptides have shown to have osteogenic ability [40,45,46]. Other short peptides have been synthesized based on the active sequence of the parent proteins such as collagen type 1, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and osteogenic growth peptide.…”

“…Pre-clinical and clinical studies using BMPs have been clearly successful [42,43]. As a result, FDA clearance has been granted to BMP-2 and BMP-7 for specific clinical applications such as fracture healing, long bone non-unions, spinal fusion, and periodontal as well as dental regeneration procedures [40]. …”

“…BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily of proteins and maintain bone mass during postnatal growth and participate actively in bone repair [40]. BMP-2 has been shown to maintain the osteoprogenitor cells, promote differentiation to osteoblasts, and is critical in bone healing [41].…”