Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Glaucoma: Most Advanced Systems Review

Abstract

Each year, new glaucoma drug delivery systems are developed. Due to the chronic nature of the disease, it requires the inconvenient daily administration of medications. As a result of their elution from the eye surface and penetration to the bloodstream through undesired permeation routes, the bioavailability of active compounds is low, and systemic side effects occur. Despite numerous publications on glaucoma drug carriers of controlled drug release kinetics, only part of them consider drug permeation routes and, thus, carriers’ location, as an important factor affecting drug delivery. In this paper, we try to demonstrate the importance of the delivery proximal to glaucoma drug targets. The targeted delivery can significantly improve drug bioavailability, reduce side effects, and increase patients’ compliance compared to both commercial and scientifically developed formulations that can spread over the eye surface or stay in contact with conjunctival sac. We present a selection of glaucoma drug carriers intended to be placed on cornea or injected into the aqueous humor and that have been made by advanced materials using hi-tech forming methods, allowing for effective and convenient sustained antiglaucoma drug delivery.

Hydrophilic Surface Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

“…One of the most favorable properties of electrospun nanofibers is their morphology. It highly resembles collagen fibers in native ECM, making them attractive as scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, or wound dressings [ 8 , 9 ]. Besides aliphatic polyesters, semicrystalline fluoropolymers, especially polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), gained attention as smart piezoelectric scaffolds.…”

Glaucoma Treatment and Hydrogel: Current Insights and State of the Art

“…Current methods can produce lenses of suitable thickness, water content, and optical properties [ 58 , 59 ]. Moreover, it was shown that the application time did not affect ocular tissues, and no ocular adverse effects were observed in any case [ 60 ].…”

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems (Review)

“…В исследовании S. Gause et al [41] с помощью математического моделирования была показана целесообразность использования контактных линз с АФИ и увеличение биодоступности на 50 % по сравнению с инстилляцией глазных капель. Разработаны контактные линзы с тимололом, дорзоламидом и витамином Е как отдельно, так и в комбинации [44]. В работе Д. К. Наплекова с соавторами [45] рассматриваются алгоритмы изготовления растворов АФИ для нагрузки контактных линз и использования их в качестве систем доставки на примере раствора гиалуроната натрия.…”

“…В настоящее время полимерные флаконы-капельницы такого типа производят многие компании, включая Aptarpharma (Швейцария), Nemera (Франция) и др. [43,44]. Контроль за правильностью инстилляции, минимизирующий или исключающий потерю дозы, а также контроль соблюдения точности дозирования реализуется с помощью инновационных систем доставки жидких офтальмологических ЛФ (рисунок 2).…”