Targeted-mitochondria antioxidants therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

The role of the mitochondria, particularly its implications in cellular redox and oxidative balance is important for cell survival, and is involved in a variety of human diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review we address mitochondria physiology and reactive oxygen species as cognate to IBD. Several studies have reported altered mitochondria function in intestinal epithelium in IBD. However, mitochondrion significance in this disease has not been much investigated. Finally, we suggest potential for antioxidants targeted to mitochondria in IBD therapy as a treatment strategy.

An In Vitro Study on Mitochondrial Compensatory Response Induced by Gliadin Peptides in Caco-2 Cells

“…Mitochondria, the alpha and omega of the major cell amount of ROS, play a crucial role in oxidative stress [11]. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been demonstrated in several intestinal inflammatory diseases, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant treatment strategies have been proposed [12,13,14]. The molecular mechanism linking gluten toxicity with mitochondria, ROS, and inflammation could rely on the ability of mitochondrial ROS to activate the multi-protein caspase-1 activating complex (NLRP3 inflammasome) [15,16], as confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of celiac patients exposed to gliadin [17].…”

Perspectives of nanotechnology in male fertility and sperm function

“…; 1) protecting against digestion and degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and thus maximizing intestinal absorption and increased oral bioavailability [2]; 2) prolongation of the half-life of drugs in circulation; 3) bypassing blood-tissue barriers and delivery to specific target tissues, or even at cellular level; 4) rapid onset and prolonged therapeutic action; and 5) reduced effective dose and side effects or toxicity. Several reviews of literature provide comprehensive overviews on the expanding applications of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery [3], [4], [5].…”

Intracellular microRNA quantification in intact cells: a novel strategy based on reduced graphene oxide-based fluorescence quenching

“…Fluorescence spectroscopy, field effect transistor (FET) based electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Raman spectroscopy, are very sensitive assay readout platforms for measuring the presence and activities of various biomolecules from biological samples including microRNAs 3, 12, 13 . Especially promising is fluorescence spectroscopy and has the advantage of being a sensitive probe typically at with a detection limit in the range of 0.5 nM 14 .…”