Targeted photothermal release of antibiotics by a graphene nanoribbon-based supramolecular glycomaterial

Abstract

A supramolecular glycomaterial has been developed using the self-assembly of pyrenyl glycosides and graphene nanoribbon-based nanowires for the targeted, photothermally-controlled release of antibiotics to bacteria.

Nanotechnology‐driven strategies to enhance the treatment of drug‐resistant bacterial infections

“…The combination of antibiotics and nanomaterials has the following advantages: (1) the introduction of some positively charged antimicrobial drugs (e.g., chitosan) can endow the nanomaterials with a positive charge, allowing them for targeted drug delivery by binding to the negatively charged bacteria (Wang, Luo, et al, 2022; Wang, Sun, et al, 2022; Wang, Ye, et al, 2022); (2) Nanomaterials with a hollow structure, such as hollow mesoporous silica and hollow Prussian blue, possess a high drug loading capacity (Li, Fu, et al, 2022; Li, Hu, et al, 2022; Li, Zhu, et al, 2022; Xie et al, 2021); (3) nanomaterials can act as nanozymes, converting H 2 O 2 in the microenvironment of bacterial infections into highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for bacterial biofilm dissociation (Wang, Luo, et al, 2022; Wang, Sun, et al, 2022; Wang, Ye, et al, 2022); (4) Nanomaterials can also be designed to be responsive to the microenvironment of bacterial infections, exploiting characteristics such as weak acidity, high H 2 O 2 levels, and high glutathione (GSH) content, to achieve targeted therapy (Alkekhia et al, 2022); (5) Nanomaterials can be loaded with a range of agents, including photothermal agents, photosensitizers, sonosensitizers, gas‐generating molecules, and glucose oxidase (GOx). This versatility enables the utilization of various therapies, such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, gas therapy, or starvation therapy, which provides an combined strategies for bacterial infection treatment (Meng et al, 2023; Shang et al, 2023; Soares et al, 2023; Zhao et al, 2021). The use of nanomaterials as delivery carriers for antimicrobial drugs or multifunctional antibacterial platforms can help overcome bacterial resistance and improve bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (Geng et al, 2023), further reversing bacterial resistance and enhancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments.…”

“…(5) Nanomaterials can be loaded with a range of agents, including photothermal agents, photosensitizers, sonosensitizers, gas-generating molecules, and glucose oxidase (GOx). This versatility enables the utilization of various therapies, such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, gas therapy, or starvation therapy, which provides an combined strategies for bacterial infection treatment (Meng et al, 2023;Shang et al, 2023;Soares et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2021). The use of nanomaterials as delivery carriers for antimicrobial drugs or multifunctional antibacterial platforms can help overcome bacterial resistance and improve bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (Geng et al, 2023), further reversing bacterial resistance and enhancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments.…”