Targeting apoptosis pathways in infections

Naderer, Thomas; Fulcher, Maria Cecilia

doi:10.1189/jlb.4mr0717-286r

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The complex regulation of apoptosis reflects dynamic competition for control between the host and pathogens [ 27 ]. Apoptosis is part of the cellular immune response that eliminates the replicative niche of intracellular pathogens and resolves infections [ 54 ]. To disrupt apoptosis, pathogens have evolved multiple mechanisms [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion and diversity of caspases in Mytilus coruscus contribute to larval metamorphosis and environmental adaptation

Cao,

Xu,

Xiong

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Apoptosis is involved (directly and indirectly) in several physiological processes including tissue remodeling during the development, the turnover of immune cells, and a defense against harmful stimuli. The disordered apoptotic process participates in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as neoplasms, and chronic inflammatory or systemic autoimmune diseases, which are associated with its inadequate regulation. Caspases are vital components of the apoptotic pathway that are involved in developmental and immune processes. However, genome-wide identification and functional analysis of caspase have not been conducted in Mytilus coruscus, which is an economically important bivalve. Results Here, 47 caspase genes were identified from the genomes of M. coruscus, and the expansion of caspase-2/9 and caspase-3/6/7 genes were observed. Tandem duplication acts as an essential driver of gene expansion. The expanded caspase genes were highly diverse in terms of sequence, domain structure, and spatiotemporal expression profiles, suggesting their functional differentiation. The high expression of the expanded caspase genes at the pediveliger larvae stage and the result of apoptosis location in the velum suggest that the apoptosis mediated by them plays a critical role in the metamorphosis of M. coruscus larvae. In gill, caspase genes respond differently to the challenge of different strains, and most caspase-2/9 and caspase-3/6/7 genes were induced by copper stress, whereas caspase-8/10 genes were suppressed. Additionally, most caspase genes were upregulated in the mantle under ocean acidification which could weaken the biomineralization capacity of the mantle tissue. Conclusions These results provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution and function of the caspase family and enhanced the understanding of the biological function of caspases in M. coruscus larval development and response to biotic and abiotic challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion and diversity of caspases in Mytilus coruscus contribute to larval metamorphosis and environmental adaptation

Cao,

Xu,

Xiong

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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“…However, pyroptotic and necroptotic death may serve different functions, as evidenced by their distinct genetic drivers. Caspase 8 inhibition of fatal necroptotic signalling, for example emphasises that necroptosis is primarily recognised as a backup cell death defence system activated when apoptosis is inhibited [ 70 , 71 ]. Pyroptosis, on the other hand, is a basic cellular response triggered by the identification of potentially harmful insults such as pathogen ligands, DAMPs, elevated prevalence of host metabolites and environmental irritants [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Death Cell In Necroptosis and Pyroptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of cellular responses to the efferocytosis of necroptosis and pyroptosis

et al. 2023

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Cell death is a basic physiological process that occurs in all living organisms. A few key players in these mechanisms, as well as various forms of cell death programming, have been identified. Apoptotic cell phagocytosis, also known as apoptotic cell clearance, is a well-established process regulated by a number of molecular components, including ‘find-me’, ‘eat-me’ and engulfment signals. Efferocytosis, or the rapid phagocytic clearance of cell death, is a critical mechanism for tissue homeostasis. Despite having similar mechanism to phagocytic clearance of infections, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it induces a tissue-healing response and is immunologically inert. However, as field of cell death has rapid expanded, much attention has recently been drawn to the efferocytosis of additional necrotic-like cell types, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis. Unlike apoptosis, this method of cell suicide allows the release of immunogenic cellular material and causes inflammation. Regardless of the cause of cell death, the clearance of dead cells is a necessary function to avoid uncontrolled synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and inflammatory disorder. We compare and contrast apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, as well as the various molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis in each type of cell death, and investigate how these may have functional effects on different intracellular organelles and signalling networks. Understanding how efferocytic cells react to necroptotic and pyroptotic cell uptake can help us understand how to modulate these cell death processes for therapeutic purposes.

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“…Several variables, including the patient’s pharmacokinetics of medication and the state of their immune system, can influence the effectiveness of antifungal therapy. For example, resistance may emerge due to ineffective patient dosing, inadequate antifungal drug selection, or repetitive exposure ( Naderer and Fulcher, 2018 ).…”

Section: Do Fungi Have Self-protection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden power of secondary metabolites in plant-fungi interactions and sustainable phytoremediation

et al. 2022

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The global environment is dominated by various small exotic substances, known as secondary metabolites, produced by plants and microorganisms. Plants and fungi are particularly plentiful sources of these molecules, whose physiological functions, in many cases, remain a mystery. Fungal secondary metabolites (SM) are a diverse group of substances that exhibit a wide range of chemical properties and generally fall into one of four main family groups: Terpenoids, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, or a combination of the latter two. They are incredibly varied in their functions and are often related to the increased fitness of the respective fungus in its environment, often competing with other microbes or interacting with plant species. Several of these metabolites have essential roles in the biological control of plant diseases by various beneficial microorganisms used for crop protection and biofertilization worldwide. Besides direct toxic effects against phytopathogens, natural metabolites can promote root and shoot development and/or disease resistance by activating host systemic defenses. The ability of these microorganisms to synthesize and store biologically active metabolites that are a potent source of novel natural compounds beneficial for agriculture is becoming a top priority for SM fungi research. In this review, we will discuss fungal-plant secondary metabolites with antifungal properties and the role of signaling molecules in induced and acquired systemic resistance activities. Additionally, fungal secondary metabolites mimic plant promotion molecules such as auxins, gibberellins, and abscisic acid, which modulate plant growth under biotic stress. Moreover, we will present a new trend regarding phytoremediation applications using fungal secondary metabolites to achieve sustainable food production and microbial diversity in an eco-friendly environment.

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Targeting apoptosis pathways in infections

Cited by 38 publications

References 140 publications

Expansion and diversity of caspases in Mytilus coruscus contribute to larval metamorphosis and environmental adaptation

Expansion and diversity of caspases in Mytilus coruscus contribute to larval metamorphosis and environmental adaptation

Update of cellular responses to the efferocytosis of necroptosis and pyroptosis

The hidden power of secondary metabolites in plant-fungi interactions and sustainable phytoremediation

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