Targeting lifestyle energy expenditure in the management of obesity and health: from biology to built environment

Dulloo, Abdul G.; Miles-Chan, Jennifer L.; Schütz, Y.; Montani, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1111/obr.12786

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…From our data, we evaluated the association of circulating free-fatty acid (FFA) and glucose concentrations with δRQ 1 h after a 75-g OGTT. 42 We observed that the change in FFA and glucose concentrations after 1 h of glucose ingestion was inversely associated with δRQ ( Figure 3A,B). For FFA, this finding suggests that greater suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis decreases circulating and tissue fatty acid availability, thus boosting glucose oxidation.…”

Section: Intake Levelmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…RQ is sensitive to energy balance, where positive energy balance favors high RQ. 41 An analysis of our data 42 shows a positive association between δRQ and energy balance, the latter calculated as energy intake 54,55 Thus, a high-carbohydrate diet (i.e., high FQ) results in an elevated carbohydrate oxidation with concomitant suppression of lipid oxidation (i.e., high 24-h RQ). When fat intake increases (i.e., low FQ), a progressive increase in lipid oxidation is noted along with lowered carbohydrate oxidation (i.e., low 24-h RQ).…”

Section: Intake Levelmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health

Galgani

Fernández‐Verdejo

2020

Obesity Reviews

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Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids among others are oxidized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These fuels are supplied from the environment (through food intake) and internal depots (through lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and proteolysis) at different rates throughout the day. Complex adaptive systems permit to accommodate fuel oxidation according to fuel availability. This capacity of a cell, tissue, or organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability is defined as metabolic flexibility (MetF). There are conditions, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, in which MetF seems to be impaired. The observation that those conditions are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction has set the basis to propose a link between mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic inflexibility, and metabolic health. We here highlight the evidence about the notion that MetF influences metabolic health.

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Section: Intake Levelmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Intake Levelmentioning

confidence: 85%

Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health

Galgani

Fernández‐Verdejo

2020

Obesity Reviews

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“…However, investigating energy flux and pairing of energy intake to energy demand in human participants is complicated by the large interindividual variability of total and physical activity EE (8,9). Also, increased physical activity produces multiple systemic and tissue-specific adaptations independent of increases in EE (10,11), further complicated by sex-specific differences in physical activity level and physiological adaptation (12,13). As such, new approaches are necessary to more specifically assess the independent impact of changes in EE on energy balance and protection from weight gain.…”

Section: Study Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Housing Temperature‐Induced Energy Expenditure Elicits Sex‐Specific Diet‐Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Mice

Morris

Noland

Allen

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Objective The aim of this study was to test whether increased energy expenditure (EE), independent of physical activity, reduces acute diet‐induced weight gain through tighter coupling of energy intake to energy demand and enhanced metabolic adaptations. Methods Indirect calorimetry and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess energy metabolism and body composition during 7‐day high‐fat/high‐sucrose (HFHS) feeding in male and female mice housed at divergent temperatures (20°C vs. 30°C). Results As previously observed, 30°C housing resulted in lower total EE and energy intake compared with 20°C mice regardless of sex. Interestingly, housing temperature did not impact HFHS‐induced weight gain in females, whereas 30°C male mice gained more weight than 20°C males. Energy intake coupling to EE during HFHS feeding was greater in 20°C versus 30°C housing, with females greater at both temperatures. Fat mass gain was greater in 30°C mice compared with 20°C mice, whereas females gained less fat mass than males. Strikingly, female 20°C mice gained considerably more fat‐free mass than 30°C mice. Reduced fat mass gain was associated with greater metabolic flexibility to HFHS, whereas fat‐free mass gain was associated with diet‐induced adaptive thermogenesis. Conclusions These data reveal that EE and sex interact to impact energy homeostasis and metabolic adaptation to acute HFHS feeding, altering weight gain and body composition change.

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“…The observations, analytical approaches and research outcomes of his classic studies have impacted, and continue to‐date to impact, several avenues of research and concept development in the field of human obesity and chronic metabolic disease. This latter realization turned out to be an ideal theme for celebrating the 10th edition of the Fribourg Obesity Research Conference (FORC)—which, since its first edition in 2001, has been a platform to present and discuss some of the rapidly advancing scientific findings pertaining to obesity and health from perspectives that cut across integrative physiology, nutrition, and public health 5–13 . This current supplement to Obesity Reviews is thus dedicated to the legacy of Ancel Keys and its impact on current concepts in obesity research as embodied in the eight review papers that were presented at the 10th FORC, and which are put into perspective below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: From the legacy of Ancel Keys to current concepts

Dulloo

Montani

2021

Obesity Reviews

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Several areas of research into the prevention and treatment of obesity today can be traced to one or more of the scientific works pioneered by Ancel Keys between the 1930s to 1970s in fields that cut across the physiology of extremes and public health nutrition. These range from his classical studies into how body and mind respond to chronic exposure to hypoxia in "The Physiology of Life at High Altitudes" or to simulated famine under controlled laboratory conditions in "The Biology of Human Starvation", the impact of diet and lifestyle on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in "The Seven Countries Study," to the "Indices of Relative Weight and Obesity" in which he identified what has since been the most widely utilized diagnostic tool to monitor obesity across populations worldwide and which he coined as the body mass index. The contribution of Ancel Keys to medical sciences through his observations, analytical approaches, and research output of his classic studies, and how these have (and continue) to impact on a plethora of current concepts in obesity research today, are embodied in the eight review articles that constitute this supplement reporting the proceedings of the 10th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference. The aim of this introductory paper is to put into perspective the legacy of Ancel Keys to current concepts that are encapsulated in these review articles that cover research areas that include (i) the diagnosis of obesity for health risks; (ii) the role of dietary fat types in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases; (iii) the rationale, efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate ketogenic diets, or the therapeutic potential of hypoxic conditioning, in weight management programs; (iv) the psychological and physiological basis of the "famine reaction" that counters therapeutic dieting and facilitates weight regain; and (v) the potential impact of weight cycling and yoyo dieting on risks for later obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.

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Targeting lifestyle energy expenditure in the management of obesity and health: from biology to built environment

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health

Pathophysiological role of metabolic flexibility on metabolic health

Difference in Housing Temperature‐Induced Energy Expenditure Elicits Sex‐Specific Diet‐Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Mice

Pathogenesis of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: From the legacy of Ancel Keys to current concepts

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