Targeting of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) effector protein to host mitochondria

Kenny, Brendan; Jepson, Mark A.

doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2000.00082.x

Cited by 243 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…EspD is required for the formation of EspA filaments and is translocated into the host cell plasma membrane where it is believed to mediate pore formation in concert with EspB (Kresse et al, 1999;Wachter et al, 1999;Ide et al, 2001). Map (mitochondrial associated protein, Orf19) is translocated into host cells, localizes to mitochondria and collapses their membrane potential (Kenny & Jepson, 2000). Map also induces filopodia formation following initial contact between EPEC and host cells (Kenny et al, Jepson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis

et al. 2004

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Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause acute gastroenteritis in humans that may be complicated by life-threatening systemic sequelae. The predominant EHEC serotype affecting humans in the UK and North America is O157 : H7 and infections are frequently associated with contact with ruminant faeces. Strategies to reduce the carriage of EHEC in ruminants are expected to lower the incidence of human EHEC infections; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying persistence of EHEC in ruminants are poorly understood. This paper reports the first comprehensive survey for EHEC factors mediating colonization of the bovine intestines by using signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis. Seventy-nine E. coli O157 : H7 mutants impaired in their ability to colonize calves were isolated and 59 different genes required for intestinal colonization were identified by cloning and sequencing of the transposon insertion sites. Thirteen transposon insertions were clustered in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes a type III protein secretion system required for the formation of attaching and effacing lesions on intestinal epithelia. A putative structural component of the apparatus (EscN) is essential for intestinal colonization; however, the type III secreted effector protein Map plays only a minor role. Other Type III secretion-associated genes were implicated in colonization of calves by E. coli O157 : H7, including z0990 (ecs0850), which encodes the non-LEE-encoded type III secreted effector NleD and the closely related z3023 (ecs2672) and z3026 (ecs2674) genes which encode homologues of Shigella IpaH proteins. We also identified a novel fimbrial locus required for intestinal colonization in calves by E. coli O157 : H7 (z2199-z2206; ecs2114-ecs2107/locus 8) and demonstrated that a mutant harbouring a deletion of the putative major fimbrial subunit gene is rapidly out-competed by the parent strain in co-infection studies. Our data provide valuable new information for the development of intervention strategies. INTRODUCTIONEnterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) were first recognized as a cause of human disease in 1983 and are associated with diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis, which may be complicated by life-threatening renal and neurological sequelae, including haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombocytopaenic purpura (Karmali et al., 1983;Riley et al., 1983). EHEC, and in particular serotype O157 : H7, have since emerged as a major cause of severe diarrhoeal illness worldwide and EHEC infections are the leading antecedent to paediatric acute renal failure in many countries (Ammon, 1997; Mead et al., 1999; WHO, 1997). E. coli O157 : H7 strains are estimated to cause 73 480 cases and 60 deaths per annum in the United States, with serotypes other than O157 : H7 accounting for a further 36 740 illnesses (Mead et al., 1999). Non-O157 EHEC are an emerging problem, and indeed may be more prevalent than serogroup O157 in some countries (Bettelheim, 2000). EHEC are defined by their ability to produce one or mo...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis

et al. 2004

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“…Using tandem MS, we observed many of the established proteins that have been shown to be secreted by EHEC O157. These included the Esp family of translocon proteins (EspA, B, D and F) (Abe et al, 1998;Viswanathan et al, 2004), the translocated intimin receptor, Tir (DeVinney et al, 1999), the mitochondrion-associated protein, Map (Kenny & Jepson, 2000), secreted proteases EspP (Brunder et al, 1997) and StcE (Lathem et al, 2002) (both encoded on pO157), and enterohaemolysin (Schmidt et al, 1995) (also on pO157). Using this wild-type strain, only NleA of the Nle A subpopulation of bacteria expressed nleA : : gfp, and only these bacteria were analysed for fluorescence output.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the expression, regulation and export of NleA–E in Escherichia coli O157 : H7

Roe¹,

Tysall²,

Dransfield³

et al. 2007

Microbiology

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“…The genes that are involved in the formation of the AE lesion are encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) chromosomal pathogenicity island 39 . The LEE region encodes a T3SS 40 , an adhesin 41 and its receptor 42 , and effector proteins [43][44][45][46][47] . The mortality that is associated with EHEC infections stems from the production and release of potent Shiga toxin.…”

Section: Ehec As a Case Study: Lessons From A Hijackermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-kingdom signalling: communication between bacteria and their hosts

Hughes

Sperandio²

2008

Nat Rev Microbiol

649

468

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Microorganisms and their hosts communicate with each other through an array of hormonal signals. This cross-kingdom cell-to-cell signalling involves small molecules, such as hormones that are produced by eukaryotes and hormone-like chemicals that are produced by bacteria. Cell-to-cell signalling between bacteria, usually referred to as quorum sensing, was initially described as a means by which bacteria achieve signalling in microbial communities to coordinate gene expression within a population. Recent evidence shows, however, that quorum-sensing signalling is not restricted to bacterial cell-to-cell communication, but also allows communication between microorganisms and their hosts.Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have coexisted for millions of years. It is estimated that humans have 10 13 human cells and 10 14 bacterial cells (comprising the endogenous bacterial flora). Eukaryotes have a variable relationship with prokaryotes, and these interactions can be either beneficial or detrimental. Humans maintain a symbiotic association with their intestinal microbial flora, which is crucial for nutrient assimilation and development of the innate immune system 1 . These mutually beneficial associations are possible because microorganisms and mammals can communicate with each other through various hormone and hormone-like chemical compounds. These signals, however, can be 'hijacked' by bacterial pathogens to activate their virulence genes.The hormonal communication between microorganisms and their hosts, dubbed inter-kingdom signalling, is a recent field of research. This field evolved from the initial observation that bacteria can communicate with each other through hormone-like signals 2 , a process that was later named quorum sensing (QS) 3 . This field expanded with the realization that these bacterial signals can modulate mammalian cell-signal transduction 4 and that host hormones can crosssignal with QS signals to modulate bacterial gene expression 5 .In this Review, we discuss several mechanisms that are used for hormonal communication between micro-organisms and their hosts. Owing to space constraints, we mainly consider pathogenic interactions. We focus primarily on acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and aromatic (autoinducer (AI)-3) signals, because of the wealth of reports that link these signals to interkingdom communication, but it is worth noting that bacteria use an array of additional chemical

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Targeting of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) effector protein to host mitochondria

Cited by 243 publications

References 43 publications

Identification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis

Identification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis

Analysis of the expression, regulation and export of NleA–E in Escherichia coli O157 : H7

Inter-kingdom signalling: communication between bacteria and their hosts

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