Targeting the therapeutic effects of exercise on redox‐sensitive mechanisms in the vascular endothelium during tumor progression

Abstract

I. SUMMARY The American Cancer Society estimated 1.5 million new cancer cases in the US in 2012. Although the exact number is not known, it is estimated that brain metastases occur in 20–40% of cancer patients (NCI). Due to the complexity of development and the variation in tumor etiology, therapy options have been limited for a number of cancers while progressive treatments have been successful for some malignancies. Combining treatment strategies has shown potential to increase positive outcomes, however cancer remains a formidable diagnosis with no true cure. Many researchers have focused on alternative forms of cancer prevention or treatment to slow cancer progression. Studies have shown that with moderate, regular exercise signaling pathways associated with increased antioxidant activity and cellular repair are upregulated in vascular tissue, however the physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature in order to better understand the impact of exercise on cancer progression and tumor metastasis and discuss potential redox related signaling in the vasculature that may be involved.

Selenoglycoproteins attenuate adhesion of tumor cells to the brain microvascular endothelium via a process involving NF-κB activation

“…Lung and breast cancers represent the most common primary tumors metastasizing to the brain and since the central nervous system does not have lymphatic vessels, the only entry route for tumor cells into the brain is via blood stream [11, 26, 27]. Therefore, the interactions between tumor cells and the brain vascular endothelium are crucial for the formation and growth of brain secondary tumors.…”

Effects of exercise training on breast cancer metastasis in a rat model

“…The effects of exercise training on cancer development and treatment are of great interest (Wolff & Toborek ). Recent findings in male mice suggest that exercise training is able to reduce the spread of lung carcinoma metastatic cells in the brain, which is the principal organ where metastases are found in this type of tumour (Wolff et al .…”

“…McTiernan et al . () and Wolff and Toborek () suggest that long‐term exercise training may decrease serum oestrogens levels, theoretically decreasing the risk of breast cancer development and metastatic disease. However, our previous findings (Faustino‐Rocha et al .…”

“…However, the complex relationship between these factors and the biological behaviour of cancer is complex and remains poorly understood (Westerlind ). Exercise training has been suggested previously to play a protective role against various cancers (Wolff & Toborek ), such as lung (Paceli et al . ) and colon (Aoi et al .…”

Prática Regular Do Futebol: O Alto Rendimento Deste Esporte Está Associado a Danos Genéticos?

“…Segundo alguns autores 1 , os treinamentos físicos moderados, particularmente os exercícios de endurance, têm efeito preventivo não apenas nas doenças cardiovasculares, mas, também sobre o câncer, além de desempenharem importante papel na reabilitação dos indivíduos acometidos por estas doenças. Em outros estudos, entretanto, foi mostrado que a prática de exercício físico, principalmente quando feito em alta intensidade, induz à ocorrência de danos genéticos os quais, por sua vez, associamse ao processo de A caracterização da amostra foi feita através de questionário contendo indagações a respeito da idade, hábito de ingerir bebidas alcoólicas, exposição a outros genotóxicos e prática de atividade física.…”