Targeting tuberculosis infection in macrophages using chitosan oligosaccharide nanoplexes

Recent Developments in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Tuberculosis by Targeting Macrophages

“…[ 81–85 ] Other therapeutic agents, including gatifloxacin, curcumin, ethionamide, pyrazinoic acid, mycolic acid (MA) (for immunization), and siRNA have also been reported in literature. [ 86–91 ]…”

“…The chitosan drug conjugates have showed significant potential for further investigation in clinical applications. [ 91–94,98,101 ]…”

“…[81][82][83][84][85] Other therapeutic agents, including gatifloxacin, curcumin, ethionamide, pyrazinoic acid, mycolic acid (MA) (for immunization), and siRNA have also been reported in literature. [86][87][88][89][90][91] Polysaccharide-based drug carriers are ubiquitously used in drug delivery platforms, owing to their great compatibility with biological systems and safety. [56] Interestingly, some of these carriers could be considered as active systems due to potential interactions between their sugar moieties and macrophage receptors.…”

“…In addition to C-SLNs, chitosan has been used to decorate polymeric micelles and encapsulate drugs. [91][92][93]101] Chitosan-based drug delivery systems have shown improvements in drug delivery efficiency, mitigated unwanted adverse effects, enhanced surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity to encapsulate different drugs, and allowed for slow and sustained drug release profiles. The chitosan drug conjugates have showed significant potential for further investigation in clinical applications.…”

“…The chitosan drug conjugates have showed significant potential for further investigation in clinical applications. [91][92][93][94]98,101] Ideally, a drug carrier should not release drug before the desired target site is reached. The lysosomal compartment of the macrophage has an acidic environment (pH ≈ 5), granting it great potential for unique targeting for drug delivery.…”