Tarnish protection of silver jewels by plasmapolymer coatings

Frey, Tobias; Kögel, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00713-8

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In most of the cases, silver colours present dramatic blackening, but in some manuscripts, the metal brightness is still present. Although the application of silver leaf in illuminated manuscripts has been referred by several authors [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], the study of silver degradation in the cultural heritage field has been mainly associated with metal artefacts, jewellery or composite objects such as altarpieces, polychrome and gilded objects, silver threads in textile, daguerreotype photos and silverpoint drawings [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Despite its importance for cultural heritage preservation, there is little consensus on the literature regarding silver degradation mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver paints in medieval manuscripts: a first molecular survey into their degradation

et al. 2018

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The lack of comprehensive studies on silver paints in manuscripts is a handicap to new stabilization strategies and treatments. This work develops and tests a methodological approach for the study of the degradation of silver paints, at the molecular level, using as a case study a French Book of Hours dated from the 15th century from Mafra National Palace collection. In this paper, we show that the global equation commonly used by the cultural heritage community to describe the tarnishing of silver proves to be insufficient to understand the main factor causing its severe and extensive darkening in medieval illuminated manuscripts. This equation depicts the degradation of silver instantly with a sulphide containing species as H 2 S. Recent research has solidly proved that the first intermediate of silver oxidation is Ag 2 O. This theme will be presented in a forthcoming review. Within this framework, we selected four typologies of silver paints, all analysed by in situ techniques and four as microsamples; due to the very small size and fragility of the microsamples, new methods of sample preparation were developed and tested. The main research questions include: (1) understanding how silver-based colour are formed, disclosing its full stratigraphy; (2) define if the other compounds present, such as colour paints and the ground, may affect silver oxidation by stabilizing or accelerating it; (3) comprehend if it is possible to characterize the degradation products of silver paints with the methodology developed in this work, both in the bulk and at the interfaces between layers. Overall our results show that silver-based colours exhibit a complex stratigraphy that impacts its conservation condition. Further research at the molecular level is required on the correlation of the main components of the ground (binder and filler such as gypsum and calcium carbonate) and the paints that are applied as layers over or under the silver leaf. Our case studies have shown that both in situ analytical techniques and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the microsamples, provide relevant information on the silver colour stratigraphy. However, the information obtained studying cross-sections is more accurate. We consider that the study of the degradation mechanism of silver in medieval illuminated manuscripts will require the combination of both approaches; in situ methodologies support the relevance of the data acquired on the microsamples. Microsamples studies will make possible the acquisition of data that is fundamental to understand the darkening of silver paints and this, in turn, is essential to develop informed and sustainable conservation policies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver paints in medieval manuscripts: a first molecular survey into their degradation

et al. 2018

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“…2. Plasmapolymer Coating (PC) is discovered and fabricated by the Fraunhofer Institute (IFAM) [33] in Bremen, Germany. There are few application researches up till now.…”

Section: Surface Coating Of Ag Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The research progress on corrosion and protection of silver layer

Zhang

Xue

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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In this paper, the mechanism and reason of silver corrosion and discoloration are discussed. The analysis and characterization of silver corrosion layer and the cleaning method of the discoloration part of silver are described. There are two methods for silver anti-corrosion and anti-tarnish. One is to develop anti-discoloration silver alloy. The other is to treat silver layer surface, which includes:

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“…In previous research [4], a coater system has been developed with two discrete withdrawal speed, namely 4.22 cm / s and 9.07 cm / s. With this speed option, only two types of material can be produced and cannot be varied according to the user's wishes. In other studies [5], low cost dip coaters have been developed for thin films, however, speed control is done manually and has not been digitally constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Digital Dip Coating System Based Microcontroller

Yohandri

Khairunnisa

Ramli

et al. 2019

Eksakta

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Coating techniques are important parts in the development of nano material technology. In this paper, the development of coating technology based on microcontroller using dip coating is presented. Arduino microcontroller is implemented to control the immersion time and the speed of withdrawal of material out of the coating fluid through a stepper motor. In addition, the withdrawal speed can be digitally entered through a keypad with a value range of 0.02 mm/s to 10 mm/s. The experiment results showed the percentage of accuracy and precision of the microcontroller based dip coater was very high. Based on these results, the developed dip coater is satisfied to be used in the development of nanotech materials

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Tarnish protection of silver jewels by plasmapolymer coatings

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Silver paints in medieval manuscripts: a first molecular survey into their degradation

Silver paints in medieval manuscripts: a first molecular survey into their degradation

The research progress on corrosion and protection of silver layer

Development of a Digital Dip Coating System Based Microcontroller

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