Task-driven optimization of the non-spectral mode of photon counting CT for intracranial hemorrhage assessment

Ji, Xu; Zhang, Ran; Chen, Guang-Hong; Li, Ke

doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ab43a6

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Photon-counting has a greater detectability for low contrast bleeds, microbleeds, and sulcus when compared with multi-detector CT, indicating that it may be useful in identifying preexisting hemorrhages. 41…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Photon-counting has a greater detectability for low contrast bleeds, microbleeds, and sulcus when compared with multi-detector CT, indicating that it may be useful in identifying preexisting hemorrhages. 41 In a study performed by Mannil et al, they aimed to compare the imaging features of coronary stents utilizing the new PCD to a traditional EID on CT. They observed that when compared with traditional EID arrays, the PCD delivers improved in-stent lumen delineation of coronary artery stents at similar CT scan protocol settings and the same image reconstruction parameters.…”

Section: Advantages and Applications Of Photon-counting Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photon-Counting Detectors in Computed Tomography: A Review

Gomes

Jaseemudheen

2022

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

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Photon-counting computed tomography (CT) is a new technique that has the potential to revolutionize clinical CT and is predicted to be the next significant advancement. In recent years, tremendous research has been conducted to demonstrate the developments in hardware assembly and its working principles. The articles in this review were obtained by conducting a search of the MEDLINE database. Photon-counting detectors (PCDs) provide excellent quality diagnostic images with high spatial resolution, reduced noise, artifacts, increased contrast-to-noise ratio, and multienergy data acquisition as compared with conventionally used energy-integrating detector (EID). The search covered articles published between 2011 and 2021. The title and abstract of each article were reviewed as determined by the search strategy. From these, eligible studies and articles that provided the working and clinical application of PCDs were selected. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the basic working principles of PCDs, emphasize the uses and clinical applications of PCDs, and compare it to EIDs. It provides a nonmathematical explanation and understanding of photon-counting CT systems for radiologists as well as clinicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages and Applications Of Photon-counting Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon-Counting Detectors in Computed Tomography: A Review

Gomes

Jaseemudheen

2022

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

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“…The number of projection views per PCD‐CT scan was fixed at 1200, distributed uniformly over 360°. The PCD was operated under the single‐bin (singe‐energy) mode with the low energy threshold being set to 15 keV to reject electronic noise based on our previous study 26 . The non‐uniform responses of the PCD across different CdTe panels were corrected using an in‐house method that also mitigates BH artifacts 27 .…”

Section: Experimental Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCD was operated under the single-bin (singeenergy) mode with the low energy threshold being set to 15 keV to reject electronic noise based on our previous study. 26 The non-uniform responses of the PCD across different CdTe panels were corrected using an in-house method that also mitigates BH artifacts. 27 That method was applied to the post-log sinogram data after the proposed statistical bias correction.…”

Section: Pcd-ct Systems and Data Acquisition Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting statistical CT number biases without access to raw detector counts: Applications to high spatial resolution photon counting CT imaging

et al. 2023

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BackgroundDue to the nonlinear nature of the logarithmic operation and the stochastic nature of photon counts (N), sinogram data of photon counting detector CT (PCD‐CT) are intrinsically biased, which leads to statistical CT number biases. When raw counts are available, nearly unbiased statistical estimators for projection data were developed recently to address the CT number bias issue. However, for most clinical PCD‐CT systems, users' access to raw detector counts is limited. Therefore, it remains a challenge for end users to address the CT number bias issue in clinical applications.PurposeTo develop methods to correct statistical biases in PCD‐CT without requiring access to raw PCD counts.Methods(1) The sample variance of air‐only post‐log sinograms was used to estimate air‐only detector counts, . (2) If the post‐log sinogram data, y, is available, then N of each detector pixel was estimated using . Once N was estimated, a closed‐form analytical bias correction was applied to the sinogram. (3) If a patient's post‐log sinogram data are not archived, a forward projection of the bias‐contaminated CT image was used to perform a first‐order bias correction. Both the proposed sinogram domain‐ and image domain‐based bias correction methods were validated using experimental PCD‐CT data.ResultsExperimental results demonstrated that both sinogram domain‐ and image domain‐based bias correction methods enabled reduced‐dose PCD‐CT images to match the CT numbers of reference‐standard images within [‐5, 5] HU. In contrast, uncorrected reduced‐dose PCD‐CT images demonstrated biases ranging from ‐25 to 55 HU, depending on the material. No increase in image noise or spatial resolution degradation was observed using the proposed methods.ConclusionsCT number bias issues can be effectively addressed using the proposed sinogram or image domain method in PCD‐CT, allowing PCD‐CT acquired at different radiation dose levels to have consistent CT numbers desired for quantitative imaging.

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“…The smaller pixel size of PCD CT could improve detectability for these highfrequency tasks. One detectability analysis suggested a 20% improvement for small intracranial hemorrhage [35]. A separate benchtop study showed advantages in CT angiography for detecting occlusion of mm-sized arteries in the brain [36].…”

Section: Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Counting CT: Clinical Applications and Future Developments

Hsieh

Leng

Rajendran

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

101

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The use of a photon counting detector in CT (PCD CT) is currently the subject of intense investigation and development. In this review article, we will describe potential clinical applications of this technology with a particular focus on the experience of our own institution with a prototype PCD CT scanner. Photon counting detectors (PCDs) have three primary advantages over conventional, energy integrating detectors (EIDs): 1) they provide spectral information without need for a dedicated dual-energy protocol; 2) they are immune to electronic noise; and 3) they can be made very high resolution without significant compromises to quantum efficiency. These advantages translate into several clinical applications. Metal artifacts, beam hardening artifacts, and noise streaks from photon starvation can be better mitigated using PCD CT. Certain incidental findings can be better characterized using the spectral information from PCD CT. High-contrast, high-resolution structures, such as the temporal bone can be better visualized using PCD CT and at greatly reduced dose. We also discuss new possibilities on the horizon, including new contrast agents, and how anticipated improvements in PCD CT will translate to performance in these applications.Index Terms-Clinical applications, photon counting X-ray detectors, spectral CT. I. INTRODUCTIONS INGLE photon counting is an emerging capability in CT detectors. While energy-sensitive detection of individual photons has long been accomplished in other modalities, such as PET, similar detectors in CT have been very challenging to create due to the demanding flux requirements in diagnostic CT, which can exceed a billion counts per second per mm 2 for unattenuated beam. Existing detectors for diagnostic CT have accordingly been energy-integrating. Recent advances in semiconductor design, driven largely by Moore's Law, have made it feasible to now resolve individual photons arriving on the detector in CT applications.Research is being reported in this Special Issue and elsewhere on the introduction of photon-counting detectors (PCDs) for CT. At the time of this writing, two whole Manuscript

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Task-driven optimization of the non-spectral mode of photon counting CT for intracranial hemorrhage assessment

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Photon-Counting Detectors in Computed Tomography: A Review

Photon-Counting Detectors in Computed Tomography: A Review

Correcting statistical CT number biases without access to raw detector counts: Applications to high spatial resolution photon counting CT imaging

Photon Counting CT: Clinical Applications and Future Developments

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