Task-free MRI predicts individual differences in brain activity during task performance

Tavor, Ido; Jones, Ōiwi Parker; Mars, Rogier B.; Smith, Stephen M.; Behrens, Timothy E.J.; Jbabdi, Saâd

doi:10.1126/science.aad8127

Cited by 720 publications

(686 citation statements)

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“…Analyses of spontaneous correlations identify highly reproducible large-scale networks (4,5) that are recruited in the performance of functional tasks (43)(44)(45). Despite this, the relevance of spontaneous correlations to the finer scales of organization that underlie cognitive representations has not been determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex

Waskom

Wagner

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Human prefrontal cortex supports goal-directed behavior by representing abstract information about task context. The organizational basis of these context representations, and of representations underlying other higher-order processes, is unknown. Here, we use multivariate decoding and analyses of spontaneous correlations to show that context representations are distributed across subnetworks within prefrontal cortex. Examining targeted prefrontal regions, we found that pairs of voxels with similar context preferences exhibited spontaneous correlations that were approximately twice as large as those between pairs with opposite context preferences. This subnetwork organization was stable across task-engaged and resting states, suggesting that abstract context representations are constrained by an intrinsic functional architecture. These results reveal a principle of fine-scaled functional organization in association cortex.fMRI | resting-state | rule | cognitive control | functional organization T he cerebral cortex exhibits functional organization at multiple spatial scales. At a coarse scale, the cortex is parcellated into functional areas (1, 2) that coordinate as networks through longrange connections (3-5). These areas represent and compute information with functional circuitry that is organized more finely. Some fine-scaled, intrinsic principles have been described in detail, particularly for sensory cortex (6, 7). In contrast, the subregional organization of prefrontal cortex (PFC), which gives rise to higherorder processes, including attention, decision-making, and goaldirected action (8, 9), remains largely uncharacterized. Whether PFC representations are encoded within an equipotential system or constrained by an intrinsic functional architecture is currently unknown.Sensory cortex can be mapped by parametrically varying stimulus attributes and measuring changes in the neural response, but complex and dynamic response properties limit the effectiveness of this approach for mapping PFC and other association regions. An alternate strategy is to leverage spontaneous variability in neural activity. Neural responses to repeated presentations of sensory stimuli, or in the absence of stimulation and explicit task demands, exhibit variability that is attributed to ongoing spontaneous activity (10-13). Traditional analyses consider spontaneous activity to be noise, but there is increasing evidence that shared spontaneous variability is a signature of functional organization (14). Analyses of spontaneous correlations have been used to identify multiple large-scale functional networks (4,5,15) and boundaries between functional areas (2, 16-18) in human and nonhuman primate association cortex. The spontaneous correlation structure also mirrors established fine-scaled principles of functional organization in visual cortex, such as preferences for retinotopic position (19) and stimulus orientation (20). We therefore leveraged spontaneous activity to examine the finescaled functional organization of human PFC.We focus...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex

Waskom

Wagner

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/111187 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 27, 2017; functional connectivity yields potential to understand individual variability in performance or task-related individual markers, as it has been successfully used to categorize tasks (Shirer et al, 2012), to predict performance (Cole et al, 2016), or to predict task-induced activity (Tavor et al, 2016). In our investigation we were unable to find strong associations linking task potency to task performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…When an individual engages in a task, the associated evoked activities build upon the brain's ongoing activity, itself shaped by an underlying functional connectivity baseline Smith et al, 2009;Tavor et al, 2016). Here, we show how this functional baseline architecture can be used to index task-dependent modulations, providing a means for quantitatively comparing evoked effects across different cognitive domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…When an individual engages in a task, the associated evoked activities build upon already ongoing activity, itself shaped by an underlying functional connectivity baseline Smith et al, 2009;Tavor et al, 2016). To facilitate understanding the building blocks of cognition we incorporate the idea that task-induced functional connectivity modulation with respect to its underlying resting state functional connectivity is task-specific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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And the best task is …? Using Task potency to infer task specificity

Chauvin

Mennes

Arenas

et al. 2017

Preprint

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When an individual engages in a task, the associated evoked activities build upon already ongoing activity, itself shaped by an underlying functional connectivity baseline (Fox et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2009; Tavor et al., 2016). To facilitate understanding the building blocks of cognition we incorporate the idea that task-induced functional connectivity modulation with respect to its underlying resting state functional connectivity is task-specific. Here, we introduce a framework incorporating task potency, providing direct access to task-specificity through enabling direct comparison between task paradigms. In particular, to study functional connectivity modulations related to cognitive involvement in a task we define task potency as the amplitude of connectivity modulations away from the brain’s baseline functional connectivity architecture as observed during a resting state acquisition. We demonstrate the use of our framework by comparing three tasks (visuo-spatial working memory, reward processing, and stop signal task) available within a large cohort. Using task potency, we demonstrate that cognitive operations are supported by a common baseline of within-network interactions, supplemented by connections between large-scale networks in order to solve a specific task.Highlights-Task potency framework defines modulation of functional connectivity away from baseline resting state-More within-than between-network modulations are induced by task performance-Between-network modulations are task-specific-Edges modulated by multiple tasks are mostly within-network-The task potency can be used to define the most potent task

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“…Similarly, the relationship between functional hemispheric lateralisation and anatomical hemispheric asymmetry has recently been extended to the visuospatial domain (Thiebaut de Schotten et al, 2011), but cannot be generalised to all functional lateralisation since symmetrical structures can also support different functions (Concha et al, 2012;Herve et al, 2013). Fortunately, from recent methodological breakthroughs, it would appear that a good match exists between the functional specialisation of brain areas and the pattern of anatomical connections serving these regions at the individual level (Tavor et al, 2016;Thiebaut de Schotten et al, 2016). …”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%