Taste and smell perception in depression

Amsterdam, Jay D.; Settle, R. Gregg; Doty, Richard L.; Abelman, Ellen; Winokur, Andrew

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90108-9

Cited by 216 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This notion is further supported by findings that patients with major depressive disorder and non-psychiatric subjects with depressive symptomatology gave similar intensity ratings to weak taste stimuli as compared to non-depressed individuals. 18,27 Interestingly, depressive symptoms may lead to abnormal judgment of relatively strong taste stimuli. 27,49 In conclusion, the present study casts into doubt any relationship between depressive symptoms and olfactory threshold or identification in nonpsychiatric older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olfactory identification abilities in depressed psychiatric patients were intact in most studies on this topic. 10,11,15,[18][19][20] Similarly, intensity ratings of various odors did not differ between psychiatric inpatients with depressive episode and control subjects. 11,12,17 In some of these studies, 12 positive correlations were found between olfactory deficits and the self-rated intensity of depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults

Ścińska

Wróbel

Korkosz

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aims: Neuroimaging studies suggest a significant overlap between brain regions involved in the regulation of olfaction and mood. The aim of the present study was to search for correlations between depressive symptomatology measured by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and olfactory function assessed with Sniffin' Sticks in non-demented older adults (aged 53-79 years).Methods: Taste detection thresholds were also measured by means of electrogustometry on the anterior tongue. Results:No correlation was found between the GDS scores (range: 0-12) and olfactory thresholds or olfactory identification scores. Similarly, there was no relationship between depressive symptoms and electrogustometric thresholds. Subjects (n = 25) scoring Ն5 on the GDS were classified as 'depressed' and all other individuals (n = 60) were classified as 'nondepressed'. The two groups did not differ in terms of the olfactory measures and electrogustometric threshold. Conclusion:Depressive symptoms are not associated with any major olfactory deficit in non-clinical older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults

Ścińska

Wróbel

Korkosz

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Studies of patients with bipolar disorder (Hurwitz et al 1988), depression (Amsterdam et al 1987;Isseroff et al 1994;Kopala et al 1994;Warner et al 1990), panic disorder (Kopala and Good 1996), and anorexia nervosa (Fedoroff et al 1995;Kopala et al 1995a) have generally indicated intact olfactory abilities relative to healthy controls. Direct contrasts, however, of schizophrenia patients with other groups experiencing similar levels of psychotic symptomatology has not yet been performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

Moberg

Agrin

Gur

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

297

183

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“…Altered taste has been reported in depression and anxiety, but there has been little investigation of the chemosensory deficit, which seems surprising given the potential impact on quality of life (Miller and Naylor, 1989). Severely depressed patients have decreased sensitivity to all tastes, especially sweet (Steiner et al, 1969), which normalizes on recovery, and they also report lower-intensity responses to suprathreshold stimuli (Amsterdam et al, 1987). In panic disorder patients, there is reduced quinine sensitivity (DeMet et al, 1989), whereas induced stress in normal individuals increases sensitivity to the bitter taste of saccharin (Dess and Edelheit, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Taste Thresholds Are Modulated by Serotonin and Noradrenaline

Heath

Melichar²,

Nutt³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

178

151

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Circumstances in which serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) are altered, such as in anxiety or depression, are associated with taste disturbances, indicating the importance of these transmitters in the determination of taste thresholds in health and disease. In this study, we show for the first time that human taste thresholds are plastic and are lowered by modulation of systemic monoamines. Measurement of taste function in healthy humans before and after a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, NA reuptake inhibitor, or placebo showed that enhancing 5-HT significantly reduced the sucrose taste threshold by 27% and the quinine taste threshold by 53%. In contrast, enhancing NA significantly reduced bitter taste threshold by 39% and sour threshold by 22%. In addition, the anxiety level was positively correlated with bitter and salt taste thresholds. We show that 5-HT and NA participate in setting taste thresholds, that human taste in normal healthy subjects is plastic, and that modulation of these neurotransmitters has distinct effects on different taste modalities. We present a model to explain these findings. In addition, we show that the general anxiety level is directly related to taste perception, suggesting that altered taste and appetite seen in affective disorders may reflect an actual change in the gustatory system.

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Taste and smell perception in depression

Cited by 216 publications

References 10 publications

Depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults

Depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults

Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia A Qualitative and Quantitative Review

Human Taste Thresholds Are Modulated by Serotonin and Noradrenaline

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