Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has a good
spongy proton effect and is
an excellent nonviral gene vector, but its high charge density leads
to the instability and toxicity of PEI/DNA complexes. Cell membrane
(CM) capsules provide a universal and natural solution for this problem.
Here, CM-coated PEI/DNA capsules (CPDcs) were prepared through extrusion,
and the extracellular matrix was coated on CPDcs (ECM-CPDcs) for improved
targeting. The results showed that compared with PEI/DNA complexes,
CPDcs had core–shell structures (PEI/DNA complexes were coated
by a 6–10 nm layer), lower cytotoxicity, and obvious homologous
targeting. The internalization and transfection efficiency of 293T-CM-coated
PEI70k/DNA capsules (293T-CP70Dcs) were 91.8 and 74.5%, respectively,
which were higher than those of PEI70k/DNA complexes. Then, the internalization
and transfection efficiency of 293T-CP70Dcs were further improved
by ECM coating, which were 94.7 and 78.9%, respectively. Then, the
internalization and transfection efficiency of 293T-CP70Dcs were further
improved by ECM coating, which were 94.7 and 78.9%, respectively.
Moreover, the homologous targeting of various CPDcs was improved by
ECM coating, and other CPDcs also showed similar effects as 293T-CP70Dcs
after ECM coating. These findings suggest that tumor-targeted CPDcs
may have considerable advantages in gene delivery.