Taurine Attenuates LPS-Induced Rolling and Adhesion in Rat Microcirculation

Egan, Bridget; Chen, Gang; Kelly, C. J.; Bouchier‐Hayes, David

doi:10.1006/jsre.2000.6005

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Other evidence supporting the 'stick and stay' idea is the data of Abdih et al [19] and Egan et al [20]. Abdih et al [19] demonstrated that taurine prevents IL-2-induced acute lung injury, in part, by decreasing neutrophil interactions.…”

Section: Immunologic Consequences Of Taurine De¢ciency Versus Supplemmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Abdih et al [19] demonstrated that taurine prevents IL-2-induced acute lung injury, in part, by decreasing neutrophil interactions. Data from Egan et al [20] demonstrate that following administration of LPS there was an increase in leukocyte rolling accompanied by an increase in the num- ber of adherent leukocytes and transendothelial migration. Taurine given orally as a 4% solution signi¢cantly attenuated the LPS-induced leukocyte rolling and attenuated the number of adherent leukocytes as well as the increase in transendothelial cell migration.…”

Section: Immunologic Consequences Of Taurine De¢ciency Versus Supplemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid

Schuller‐Levis

Park

2003

FEMS Microbiology Letters

369

220

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Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. In fact, taurine reaches up to 50 mM concentration in leukocytes. Taurine has been shown to be tissue-protective in many models of oxidant-induced injury. One possibility is that taurine reacts with hypochlorous acid, produced by the myeloperoxidase pathway, to produce the more stable but less toxic taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). However, data from several laboratories demonstrate that Tau-Cl is a powerful regulator of inflammation. Specifically, Tau-Cl has been shown to down-regulate the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in both rodent and human leukocytes. Taurolidine, a derivative of taurine, is commonly used in Europe as an adjunctive therapy for various infections as well as for tumor therapy. Recent molecular studies on the function of taurine provide evidence that taurine is a constituent of biologic macromolecules. Specifically, two novel taurine-containing modified uridines have been found in both human and bovine mitochondria. Studies investigating the mechanism of action of Tau-Cl have shown that it inhibits the activation of NF-UB, a potent signal transducer for inflammatory cytokines, by oxidation of IUB-K at Met 45 . Key enzymes for taurine biosynthesis have recently been cloned. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, a ratelimiting enzyme for taurine biosynthesis, has been cloned and sequenced in the mouse, rat and human. Another key enzyme for cysteine metabolism, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), has also been cloned from rat liver. CDO has a critical role in determining the flux of cysteine between cysteine catabolism/taurine synthesis and glutathione synthesis. Taurine transporter knockout mice show reduced taurine, reduced fertility, and loss of vision due to severe apoptotic retinal degeneration. Apoptosis induced by amino chloramines is a current and important finding since oxidants derived from leukocytes play a key role in killing pathogens. The fundamental importance of taurine in adaptive and acquired immunity will be unveiled using genetic manipulation.

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Section: Immunologic Consequences Of Taurine De¢ciency Versus Supplemmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Immunologic Consequences Of Taurine De¢ciency Versus Supplemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid

Schuller‐Levis

Park

2003

FEMS Microbiology Letters

369

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An additional consequence of such a modulatory effect by TAU-Cl, and of relevance to the proinflammatory action of LPS in the lung, is the decreased production of MCP-1 and MCP-2, two chemokines that participate in the recruitment of macrophages by activated neutrophils [59]. In addition, TAU-Cl may be protecting the lungs by preventing the transendothelial migration of neutrophils by shortening their rolling velocity [70]; and by reducing lung arterial pressure, hypoxia, MPO activity, and the excessive release of inflammatory mediators and of products of the respiratory burst activity by neutrophils [30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

2010

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To assess the effect of taurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, female Golden Syrian hamsters were intratracheally instilled with bacterial LPS (0.02 mg in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4), before or after a 3-day intraperitoneal treatment with a single dose of taurine (50 mg/kg/day in PBS pH 7.4), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at 24 hr after the last treatment. In comparison to BALF samples from animals receiving only PBS pH 7.4, and serving as controls, those of LPS-stimulated animals exhibited a higher count of both total leukocytes and neutrophils and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. In comparison to lungs from control animals, those from LPS-treated animals showed increased cellular apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels, altered activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and focal inflammation confined to the parenchyma. A treatment with taurine was found to significantly attenuate all these alterations, with the protection being, in all instances, greater when given before rather than after LPS. The present results suggest that taurine is endowed with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that are protective in the lung against the deleterious actions of Gram negative bacterial endotoxin.

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“…Previous experimental work using taurine to attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury has usually focused on oral administration of 2-5% taurine solution in the animals' drinking water for days or weeks prior to ischaemia and reperfusion [1,5,6,12]. Received dosage by this route is uncertain, and the clinical relevance of this duration of pretreatment is limited to planned surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of systemic and regional taurine on skeletal muscle function following ischaemia–reperfusion injury

Kingston

Kearns

Kelly

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Introduction: Tissues subjected to prolonged ischaemia are paradoxically further damaged when their perfusion is restored. The mechanisms underlying this ischaemia-reperfusion injury are complex, but oxidative attack is a central feature. Among the therapeutic agents used to attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury, endogenous agents such as taurine which form part of the native defence mechanism against oxidative damage are of particular interest.Methods: Using a model of hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat, taurine solution was administered either into the operated hindlimb, into the systemic circulation, or both. Contraction strengths of gastrocnemius biopsies from the operated and contralateral (control) hindlimbs of each animal were measured.Results: Fast twitch strength was impaired significantly by ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and taurine injected into the operated limb conferred partial protection. A similar trend was observed for tetany, but protection by taurine was not statistically significant for tetanic contraction strength.Conclusion: Preservation of fast twitch strength following ischaemia-reperfusion injury by administration of taurine before ischaemia has clinical potential. However, delivery to the affected tissues during ischaemia presents technical difficulties.

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Taurine Attenuates LPS-Induced Rolling and Adhesion in Rat Microcirculation

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid

Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

Effects of systemic and regional taurine on skeletal muscle function following ischaemia–reperfusion injury

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