Taurine chloramine inhibits functional responses of human eosinophils <i>in vitro</i>

Martínez‐Losa, Magdalena; Cortijo, Julio; Piqueras, Laura; Sanz, María-Jesús; Morcillo, Esteban J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03204.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, although TAU and TAU-Cl can both reduce the formation of products of the respiratory burst by interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated peritoneal neutrophils, the effect of TAU-Cl is achieved at a much lower dose that that required for TAU [61]. A similar difference in effects between TAU and TAU-Cl has been verified in vitro for eosinophils [64]. In addition to its effect on the influx of both leukocytes and neutrophils into the lung airspaces, TAU was also found here to attenuate the expression of TNFR1 on macrophages present in BALF as a result of an exposure to LPS, again to a greater extent when given before than after LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

2010

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To assess the effect of taurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, female Golden Syrian hamsters were intratracheally instilled with bacterial LPS (0.02 mg in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4), before or after a 3-day intraperitoneal treatment with a single dose of taurine (50 mg/kg/day in PBS pH 7.4), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at 24 hr after the last treatment. In comparison to BALF samples from animals receiving only PBS pH 7.4, and serving as controls, those of LPS-stimulated animals exhibited a higher count of both total leukocytes and neutrophils and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. In comparison to lungs from control animals, those from LPS-treated animals showed increased cellular apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels, altered activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and focal inflammation confined to the parenchyma. A treatment with taurine was found to significantly attenuate all these alterations, with the protection being, in all instances, greater when given before rather than after LPS. The present results suggest that taurine is endowed with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that are protective in the lung against the deleterious actions of Gram negative bacterial endotoxin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

2010

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“…We also show evidence of ROS involvement through NAPDH oxidase and of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway ( Figure 5 ). Similarly, the antioxidant taurine-chloramine prevents fMLP-triggered NADPH oxidase activation/ROS generation and ECP production by human eosinophils ( 54 ). In these cells, CsA also inhibits the serum-coated Sephadex beads/IL-5-dependent ECP release ( 55 ), mimicking the effect that we found in neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and directed inhibition of ECP production by human neutrophils

et al. 2022

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BackgroundNeutrophils are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, where the Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) is a critical inflammatory mediator. Although ECP production is attributed to eosinophils, we reported that ECP is also present in neutrophils from allergic patients where, in contrast to eosinophils, it is produced in an IgE-dependent manner. Given the key role of ECP in asthma, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in ECP production as well as the effects induced by agonists and widely used clinical approaches. We also analyzed the correlation between ECP production and lung function.MethodsNeutrophils from allergic asthmatic patients were challenged with allergens, alone or in combination with cytokines, in the presence of cell-signaling inhibitors and clinical drugs. We analyzed ECP levels by ELISA and confocal microscopy. Lung function was assessed by spirometry.ResultsIgE-mediated ECP release is dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and the production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH-oxidase. Calcineurin phosphatase and the transcription factor NFAT are also involved. ECP release is enhanced by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and inhibited by interferon-γ, IL-10, clinical drugs (formoterol, tiotropium and budesonide) and allergen-specific IT. We also found an inverse correlation between asthma severity and ECP levels.ConclusionsOur results suggest the molecular pathways involved in ECP production and potential therapeutic targets. We also provide a new method to evaluate disease severity in asthmatic patients based on the quantification of in vitro ECP production by peripheral neutrophils.

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“…It should be noted that while the reaction products taurine chloramine and taurine bromamine are less reactive than their parent compounds hypochlorite and hypobromite, they are still reactive molecules with oxidant properties; they are absolutely not antioxidants. However, they have anti-inflammatory effects following uptake in human cells (198–201) which happens partly because these substances and also glycine chloramine inhibit activation of the transcription factor NF- kappa B (202–205), which is a positive regulator of several different genes with proinflammatory effect (206–208). …”

Section: Evidence Showing That Taurine Functions As a Biological Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taurine can be halogenated by myeloperoxidase to form taurine chloramine and by myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, lactoperoxidase and female genital tract peroxidase to form taurine bromamine, which function as potent anti-inflammatory agents (198–201, 609–616). It is not unreasonable that this also may have been one of the reasons why mother recovered from her rheumatoid arthritis and was completely cured.…”

Section: Antiinflammatory Effects Of Taurinementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

Christophersen¹

2012

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using ...

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Taurine chloramine inhibits functional responses of human eosinophils in vitro

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

Regulation and directed inhibition of ECP production by human neutrophils

Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure.

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