Taurine in poultry nutrition

Surai, Peter F.; Kochish, Ivan I.; Kidd, M. T.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114339

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…An opportunity to use nutritional/pharmacological means to modulate NF-κB expression and activity should be exploited further to deal with inflammation-associated poultry disorders/diseases, including gut health problems associated with antibiotic-free poultry production. In fact, various nutrients, including taurine [ 391 ], carnitine [ 392 , 393 , 394 ], silymarin [ 352 ], vitamin E [ 21 ], selenium [ 13 , 20 ], carotenoids [ 22 ], and others [ 26 ], have been shown to affect antioxidant defenses and vitagenes, helping maintain the redox balance in various chicken tissues. There is a need for further research related to interactions of the antioxidant defense network with vitagenes and transcription factors, including NF-κB and Nrf2, which are responsible for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and stress adaptation under the commercial conditions of poultry production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

2021

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Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene–NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

2021

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“…In addition to its cooling function, taurine also can alleviate the body damage caused by HS [40][41][42]. Moreover, UDCA could also protect mitochondria against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in stress response [43,44], and exposure to heat could enhance ROS production and induce oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running Head: Heat Affects Cholesterol and Bile Acid Alterations in Cholesterol and Bile Acids Metabolism in Large White Pigs during Short-Term Heat Exposure

Wei

Wen

Meng

et al. 2020

Animals

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Heat stress influences lipid metabolism independently of nutrient intake. It is not well understood how cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism are affected by heat stress. To investigate the alterations of cholesterol and bile acids when pigs are exposed to short term heat stress, 24 Large White pigs (63.2 ± 9.5 kg body weight, BW) were distributed into one of three environmental treatments: control conditions (CON, 23 °C with ad libitum intake; n = 8), heat stress conditions (HS, 33 °C with ad libitum intake; n = 8), or pair-fed conditions (PF, 23 °C with the same amount to the feed consumed by the HS; n = 8) for three days. Compared with CON pigs, HS pigs reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain by 55% and 124%, respectively, and significantly increased rectal temperatures by 0.9 °C and respiration rates more than three-fold. The serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) increased (p < 0.05), while hepatic TC, TG, and mRNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase were reduced on day 3. Furthermore, liver taurine-conjugated BAs (TCBAs), including taurolithocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurohyodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid were elevated in HS pigs compared to CON and PF pigs (p < 0.05), and the level of chenodeoxycholic acid was more significant in the PF group than in the CON and HS groups. The concentration of ursodeoxycholic acid in the serum was higher in HS pigs than CON and PF pigs (p < 0.05), and TCDCA was increased in HS pigs compared with PF pigs (p < 0.05). Altogether, short-term HS reduced hepatic cholesterol levels by decreasing cholesterol synthesis, promoting cholesterol to TCBAs conversion, and cholesterol release to serum in growing pigs. This independently reduced feed intake might serve as a mechanism to protect cells from damage during the early period.

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“…In addition, decreased productive and reproductive performance can cause heavy economic losses for poultry industry. Since it is almost impossible to avoid stresses in commercial poultry production, a search for nutritional means of antioxidant system modulation, including usage of increased doses of vitamin E [22], selenium [23], taurine [24] and polyphenolics [19,25], is on the agenda of many research groups world-wide. It seems likely that vitagene modulation by nutritional means (e.g., carnitine, betaine, silymarin, taurine, vitamin and minerals [7,21]) is a new strategy to prevent commercially relevant stresses and maintain high productive and reproductive performance of commercial poultry.…”

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confidence: 99%