Taurine Supplementation of a Low Protein Diet Fed to Rat Dams Normalizes the Vascularization of the Fetal Endocrine Pancreas

Boujendar, Samira; Arany, Edith; Hill, David J.; Remacle, Claude; Reusens, Brigitte

doi:10.1093/jn/133.9.2820

Cited by 115 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The effect of taurine could result from the fact that taurine administration in fetal and early life led to the development of different beta cell populations in the two groups (CT and RT). We have indeed shown that taurine restored fetal islet vascularisation altered by an LP diet, as well as expression of IGF-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor [5,24]. Vascularisation and vascular endothelial growth factor are of prime importance for the differentiation of the endocrine pancreas [31], and IGFs, being mitogenic and survival factors, modulate the mass of islet cells [6,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Moreover, Fas (CD95/APO-1)-mediated neutrophil apoptosis is reported to be inhibited by taurine through calcium homeostasis [22]. Finally, the substance appears to be important for the normal development of the endocrine pancreas, since supplementing a maternal LP diet with taurine has been found to restore a normal taurine concentration in fetal plasma, a normal beta cell mass and a normal insulin secretion by fetal islets [5,23,24]. In vivo and in vitro, taurine prevents the damage to fetal beta cells induced by IL-1β and NO · [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of maternal low-protein diet and taurine on the vulnerability of adult Wistar rat islets to cytokines

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. A maternal low-protein diet has been shown to induce an increased susceptibility of fetal islets to cytokines, but this effect can be avoided by maternal taurine supplementation. Here, we question whether these effects persist until adulthood in the offspring, despite the animal having a normal diet after weaning. Methods. Pregnant Wistar rats received a diet of either 20% or 8% protein (control [C group] and recuperated [R group] respectively), which was or was not supplemented with taurine (control treated with taurine [CT group] and recuperated treated with taurine [RT group] respectively) during gestation and lactation. When the female offspring reached adulthood, an OGTT was performed. In a second stage, islets were isolated from these offspring, then pretreated or not with taurine, and subsequently treated with cytokines. Results. Fasting glycaemia was higher (p<0.05) and insulinaemia was lower (p<0.01) in the R group than in the C group. Taurine supplementation decreased insulinaemia in the CT group and tended to increase it in the RT group. After the OGTT, glycaemia in R animals was not different from that in the C group, despite a blunted insulin response (p<0.05) which was restored by taurine. Supplementation in C-group mothers led to a weak glucose intolerance. In vitro, more apoptotic cells were observed in R islets after cytokines treatment (p<0.01). The addition of taurine to the culture medium in the R and C groups protected the islets from the cytokines (p<0.01). Maternal taurine supplementation decreased the sensitivity of islets in the RT group (p<0.01), but increased sensitivity in the CT group (p<0.01). Conclusions/interpretation. The increased vulnerability of islets to cytokines due to a restriction of protein during fetal development was still evident when the offspring reached adulthood. The low-protein diet also induced hyperglycaemia in the presence of lower insulinaemia. Taurine supplementation protected adult islets of the R group from cytokine toxicity and restored the insulinaemia. However, unnecessary supplementation of taurine could have detrimental effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maternal low-protein diet and taurine on the vulnerability of adult Wistar rat islets to cytokines

et al. 2004

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“…We have previously shown that maternal taurine supplementation of the LP diet preserved the normal fetal beta cell phenotype [11,12,15,18,19]. No single gene or specific pathways responsible for the taurine effect could be identified, since every gene had an expression level similar to that in control islets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduction of food intake by 50% in rats during gestation reduced the beta cell mass in offspring at birth by 30% [9]. When maternal diet was reduced in protein content during gestation, a number of findings were observed: reduction in beta cell mass due to diminished proliferation [8,13], enhanced apoptosis [11,13], reduced insulin secretion in vitro from isolated islets [14], impaired islet vascularisation [8,15] and enhanced sensitivity to cytotoxic effects of cytokines in vitro [11]. Increased susceptibility to cytokine cytotoxicity and lower insulin secretion persisted in adulthood despite limiting the low-protein (LP) diet to the period of gestation and lactation [7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intrauterine metabolic environment modulates the gene expression pattern in fetal rat islets: prevention by maternal taurine supplementation

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis Events during fetal life may in critical time windows programme tissue development leading to organ dysfunction with potentially harmful consequences in adulthood such as diabetes. In rats, the beta cell mass of progeny from dams fed with a low-protein (LP) diet during gestation is decreased at birth and metabolic perturbation lasts through adulthood even though a normal diet is given after birth or after weaning. Maternal and fetal plasma taurine levels are suboptimal. Maternal taurine supplementation prevents these induced abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to reveal changes in gene expression in fetal islets affected by the LP diet and how taurine may prevent these changes. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an LP diet (8% [wt/wt] protein) supplemented or not with taurine in the drinking water or a control diet (20% [wt/wt] protein). At 21.5 days of gestation, fetal pancreases were removed, digested and cultured for 7 days. Neoformed islets were collected and transcriptome analysis was performed. Results Maternal LP diet significantly changed the expression of more than 10% of the genes. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP production were highly targeted, but so too were cell proliferation and defence. Maternal taurine supplementation normalised the expression of all altered genes. Conclusions/interpretation Development of the beta cells and particularly their respiration is modulated by the intrauterine environment, which may epigenetically modify expression of the genome and programme the beta cell towards a pre-diabetic phenotype. This mis-programming by maternal LP diet was prevented by early taurine intervention.Keywords Diabetes . Early programming . Fetal islets . Maternal low-protein diet . Rats . Taurine . Transcriptome Abbreviations EST expressed sequence tag LP low protein LPT low-protein diet supplemented with taurine SAM significance analysis of microarrays TCA tricarboxylic acid Diabetologia (2008) 51:836-845

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Impact of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on the Capillarization of the Early Postnatal Rat Heart

Sutherland

Drenckhahn

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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Capillarization plays a key role in the growth of the developing heart. We therefore hypothesized that impaired heart development following intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may arise from inadequate myocardial capillary growth. The aims of the study were to examine the effect of IUGR on the growth and diffusion radius of intramyocardial capillaries in rats at postnatal day 1. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced in rats in late gestation (E18, term = E22) by bilateral uterine artery and vein ligation (restricted offspring N = 12; six males and six females); offspring from sham-operated dams were used as controls (N = 10; five males and five females). At postnatal day 1, the hearts were immersion-fixed and heart volume, capillary length density, capillary diffusion radius, and total capillary length were stereologically determined. Restricted offspring were significantly smaller at birth, with a concomitant reduction in heart volume and total myocardial capillary length compared to controls. Capillary growth was not impaired relative to heart size, with no significant differences in capillary length density or diffusion radius in the myocardium of restricted and control offspring. There were no sex differences in any of the parameters examined. In conclusion, there was no evidence to indicate that microvascular development is compromised in the heart of IUGR offspring at 1 day after birth. Total myocardial capillary length, however, was significantly reduced in the growth restricted offspring and further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the long-term impact, particularly following hypertrophic cardiac growth. Anat Rec, 302:1580-

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Taurine Supplementation of a Low Protein Diet Fed to Rat Dams Normalizes the Vascularization of the Fetal Endocrine Pancreas

Cited by 115 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of maternal low-protein diet and taurine on the vulnerability of adult Wistar rat islets to cytokines

Effect of maternal low-protein diet and taurine on the vulnerability of adult Wistar rat islets to cytokines

The intrauterine metabolic environment modulates the gene expression pattern in fetal rat islets: prevention by maternal taurine supplementation

Impact of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on the Capillarization of the Early Postnatal Rat Heart

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