Taurine Transporter Regulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through Affecting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Increased adipocytes are associated with obesity and many human disorders including cancers. To further understand the molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis, transcriptome sequencing was performed to find genes involved in the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). The mRNA of taurine transporter (TauT, also known as SLC6A6) was found significantly upregulated in hASCs undergoing differentiation. TauT expression was also markedly increased in fat tissues from obese mice induced by high fat diet or genetic mutations ( ob/ob and db/db mice). In vitro , downregulation of TauT attenuated effectively the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs, and TauT overexpression promoted the formation of adipocytes. Among the molecules transported by TauT, hypotaurine and β-alanine promoted adipocyte formation, whereas taurine inhibited the process. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of TauT knockdown on hASCs differentiation was largely reversed by hypotaurine and β-alanine through promoting the downregulation of β-catenin. These results indicated that TauT regulate adipocyte formation through transported amino acids and may serve as a target for therapeutic intervention of obesity.

USP47-Mediated Deubiquitination and Stabilization of TCEA3 Attenuates Pyroptosis and Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells Induced by Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin

“…The cultured cells and the human tissues were lysed with the appropriate amount of RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) containing 1 ×protease inhibitor mixture (Roche) and PMSF (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The proteins in the supernatants were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting as described previously ( Hou et al, 2019 ). The antibodies used were as follows: anti-PARP (Cell Signaling Technology), GSDME (Abcam), USP47 (Santa Cruz), GAPDH (Abgent Biotechnology), β-actin (Santa Cruz), α-Tubulin (Santa Cruz), Flag (Medical and Biological Laboratories), Myc (Medical and Biological Laboratories), Ub (Santa Cruz), Bax (Santa Cruz).…”

Fetal sex modulates placental microRNA expression, potential microRNA-mRNA interactions, and levels of amino acid transporter expression and substrates: INFAT study subpopulation analysis of n-3 LCPUFA intervention during pregnancy and associations with offspring body composition

“…For Trp, tryptophan metabolite 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) can regulate white and brown adipose tissue function, including adaptive thermogenesis in mice [81]. Tau effectively inhibits adipocyte formation in a human adiposederived stem cell model, whereas TauT substrates hypotaurine and β-alanine promote adipogenesis [82]. Moreover, long-term Tau supplementation in mildly obese mice can inhibit adipogenesis in muscle and white adipose tissue, but not brown adipose tissue [83].…”

“…Measurements of amino acid levels in placental chorionic villous fraction and plasma were conducted as previously described [82]. Instead of the iTRAQ Reagent Kit used in the publication, the amino acid levels were measured with the aTRAQ Reagent Kit 200 Assay (ABSciex, Foster City, USA) in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).…”

Significance of taurine transporter (TauT) in homeostasis and its layers of regulation (Review)

“…In this manner, it was proved that impaired hASCs differentiation accompanied by eliminated TauT transporter activity was recovered by hypotaurine and β-alanine through impeding β-catenin transcriptional transactivation. The results proposed that taurine transport can act as a new therapeutic strategy against obesity ( 89 ). Additional evidence supporting the functional importance of TauT transporter in diabetes, emerged through the phenotype of TauT transporter deficient animal models, in which researchers observed that characteristics of TauT transporter null animals comprised mesangial cell expansion, glomerular basement thickening, nodular sclerosis with expansion of the glomerulus beyond Bowman's capsule, and juxtaglomerular tuft sclerosis ( 90 ).…”