2016
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1150414
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Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide and is associated with adoption of a diet high in animal protein and saturated fat. Saturated fat induces increased bile secretion into the intestine. Increased bile secretion selects for populations of gut microbes capable of altering the bile acid pool, generating tumor-promoting secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Epidemiological evidence suggests CRC is associated with increased levels of DC… Show more

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Cited by 263 publications
(257 citation statements)
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References 130 publications
(148 reference statements)
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“…Arachidonic acid is converted by cyclo-oxygenase-2 and lipo-oxygenase to proinflammatory and proangiogenic prosta-glandins and reactive oxygen species, damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA repair enzymes. 38 Accordingly, these data support the hypothesis that differences in sulfidogenic bacteria between AAs and NHWs may contribute to variations in CRC incidence between these two populations.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 73%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Arachidonic acid is converted by cyclo-oxygenase-2 and lipo-oxygenase to proinflammatory and proangiogenic prosta-glandins and reactive oxygen species, damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA repair enzymes. 38 Accordingly, these data support the hypothesis that differences in sulfidogenic bacteria between AAs and NHWs may contribute to variations in CRC incidence between these two populations.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 73%
“…37 Sulfide production may become deleterious when the provision of organic sources of sulfur promotes growth of taurine and cysteine using bacteria, increasing sulfide to proinflammatory and genotoxic concentrations. Taurine provided by bacterial deconjugation of taurocholic acid acts as a substrate for anaerobic respiration by B. wadsworthia , generating genotoxic H 2 S. 38 Once deconjugated, free primary bile acids are further metabolised by colonic bacteria to genotoxic and proinflammatory secondary bile acids. Specifically, the secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid, acts as a tumour promoter, causing membrane perturbations leading to arachidonic acid release.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also been linked to alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolome [11]. The microbially-produced metabolites implicated in CRC development or progression include hydrogen sulfide [12], reactive oxygen species [13], N -nitroso compounds [14,15], polyamines [16], and secondary bile acids [17,18]. Adding to this complex landscape, it appears that the effects of some metabolites are context dependent.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The important topic of bile salt metabolism is introduced by Ridlon et al 4 who provide an overview of the complex interplay between synthesis and conjugation by the host, and de-conjugation together with conversion of primary to secondary bile salts by gut bacteria. More specifically, in a second article, Ridlon et al 5 propose mechanisms by which microbial metabolism of taurocholate (whose formation is favored by diets high in animal protein) may promote colorectal cancer, through sulfide formation from taurine and via the tumor-promoting activity of the secondary bile acid deoxycholate.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%