Tax Revenue Trends in Latin America and Asia: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Joshua Aizenman and Yothin Jinjarak acknowledge funding from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The views herein are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the ADB, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

Immigrants' contribution to value added is often similar to their employment share: Immigrants estimated share of value added and of the employed

“…Between 2008 and 2012 period, tax revenue was two percentage points higher than the 1998-2002 period (14.8% instead of 12.6%). It was about one percentage point higher than the 1993-1997 period (13.7%) (Aizenman et al, 2015).…”

“…In addition, the integration of countries into the global economy is often accompanied by a reduction of trade barriers, hence a reduction of trade-based tariffs (Aizenman et al, 2015).…”

Corporate income tax revenue as % of GDP in Singapore, 2000-15

“…The power of tax administrations, the levels of corruption and tax morale (or willingness of people to pay taxes) are also strongly linked to the level of tax revenues (OECD, 2014). Aizenman et al (2015) found that in Asia, government effectiveness and institution quality are positively correlated with the level of tax-to-GDP ratio. Geographic location is also relevant: landlocked countries are less able to impose taxes on goods and services entering the country than island countries (UNESCAP, 2014).…”

Tax Dispute Analysis on Market Intelligence Service’s From Outside of Customs

“…Namun pendapatan PPN rata-rata terhadap PDB naik sebesar 2% poin PDB di Amerika Latin, sementara itu turun sekitar 1% di Asia. Kesenjangan yang mencolok dalam pemungutan PPN de facto ini mungkin dapat dijelaskan oleh tren yang berbeda dalam variasi tarif PPN aktual di berbagai sektor ekonomi dan penegakan PPN (Aizenman et al, 2019)…”