Taxonomic Problems in Cultivated Liriopogons

Fantz, Paul R.

doi:10.21273/horttech.3.2.146

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Having two cytotypes of 'Aphrodite' and 'Minerva' in the cultivar collection could represent a reversion to the tetraploid state over many years of propagation. However, nursery practices, including sexual propagation of cultivars, cultivar substitution, mislabeling, and seedling invasion of stock plants, have been shown to degrade cultivar collections in previous studies (Fantz, 1994). Confirming a previous report by Van Huylenbroeck et al (2000), 'Pink Giant' was found to be a hexaploid at 6.97 ± 0.07 pg (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Variation in Genome Size, Ploidy, Stomata, and rDNA Signals in Althea

Lattier¹,

Chen²,

Contreras³

2019

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Althea (Hibiscus syriacus) is a shrub prized for its winterhardiness and colorful summer flowers. Altheas are tetraploids (2n = 4x = 80); however, breeders have developed hexaploids and octoploids. Previous studies report anatomical variation among polyploids, including stomata size. The purpose of this study was 4-fold. First, identify genome size and ploidy variation in cultivars via flow cytometry and chromosome counts. Second, create a ploidy series consisting of 4x, 5x, 6x, and 8x cytotypes. Third, investigate the ploidy series for variation in stomatal guard cell lengths, stomatal density, and copy number of fluorescent ribosomal DNA (rDNA) signals. Fourth, investigate segregation patterns of rDNA signals in a subset of pentaploid seedlings. Flow cytometry revealed most cultivars to be tetraploid with holoploid 2C genome sizes from 4.55 ± 0.02 to 4.78 ± 0.06 pg. Five taxa (‘Aphrodite’, ‘Pink Giant’, ‘Minerva’, Azurri Satin®, and Raspberry Smoothie™) were hexaploids (6.68 ± 0.13 to 7.05 ± 0.18 pg). Peppermint Smoothie™ was a cytochimera with tetraploid cells (4.61 ± 0.06 pg) and octoploid cells (8.98 ± 0.13 pg). To create pentaploids, reciprocal combinations were made between hexaploid ‘Pink Giant’ and tetraploid cultivars. To create octoploids, seedlings were treated with agar solutions containing 0.2% colchicine or 125 μM oryzalin. Guard cell lengths were significantly different among the four cytotypes: 4x (27.36 ± 0.04 μm), 5x (30.35 ± 1.28 μm), 6x (35.59 ± 0.63 μm), and 8x (40.48 ± 1.05 μm). Measurements of stomatal density revealed a precipitous decline in average density from the 4x cytotype (398.22 ± 15.43 stomata/mm2) to 5x cytotype (194.06 ± 38.69 stomata/mm2) but no significant difference among 5x, 6x, and 8x cytotypes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed an increase in 5S and 45S rDNA signals that scaled with ploidy: 4x (two 5S + four 45S), 6x (three 5S + six 45S), and 8x (four 5S + eight 45S). However, pentaploid (5x) seedlings exhibited random segregation of rDNA signals between the 4x and 6x cytotypes, including all six possible combinations (two 5S, three 5S) × (four 45S, five 45S, six 45S).

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Variation in Genome Size, Ploidy, Stomata, and rDNA Signals in Althea

Lattier¹,

Chen²,

Contreras³

2019

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…2). Morphological approaches alone are incapable of differentiating the ≈100 named cultivars (Fantz, 1993), underscoring the value of a molecular marker approach for identifi cation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Morphological Investigation of Ornamental Liriopogons

Mcharo¹,

Bush²,

Bonte³

et al. 2003

jashs

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Eighteen commercial taxa in genera Liriope and Ophiopogon were evaluated genetically and morphologically. Three hundred and forty-four Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were identified and used in the analysis. Relatedness among taxa was estimated by analyzing the AFLP data using the Dice coefficient of similarity and UPGMA methods. The molecular analysis revealed relatively no genetic differentiation among the taxa ascribed to their respective genera, Liriope and Ophiopogon, based on morphological assessment of floral structure. Greater than 95% of the total genetic variability present was attributed to within group effects using various grouping strategies among the taxa. Among group effects were correspondingly low and not significant (P ≤ 0.05). Results suggest an indistinguishable genetic relationship may exist in the tribe Ophiopogonae between what is currently ascribed as two distinct genera.

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“…Liriopogons are native to China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Vietnam with Liriope consisting of approximately eight species (Chen and Tamura, 2000a) and Ophiopogon consisting of 65 species (Chen and Tamura, 2000b). Popularity of liriopogons is attributable, in part, to their adaptability (Li et al, 2011) and versatility in the landscape, easily filling the roles of groundcovers, foundation plants, edging and massing plants, and understory plants (Fantz, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following centuries resulted in many genera designations (Anemarrhena Bunge, Chloopsis Blume, Convallaria L., Flueggea Rich., Liriope, Mondo Adans., Ophiopogon, Polygonastrum Moench, and Slateria Desv.) and common names (aztec grass, bordergrass, lilyturf, liriope, mondo grass, monkeygrass, and snakesbeard) (Fantz, 1993;Nesom, 2010). Nevertheless, liriopogons' attractiveness, resistance to pests and diseases, hardiness, and utility in the landscape have made them important nursery crops.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, Nomenclature, Genome Sizes, and Ploidy Levels of Liriope and Ophiopogon Taxa

Lattier¹,

Ranney²,

Fantz³

et al. 2014

horts

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Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl., collectively known as liriopogons, represent important evergreen groundcovers grown throughout the world for their ornamental features and medicinal qualities. As a result of the diversity of desirable traits and evidence of wide hybridization, there is considerable potential for breeding and improvement of liriopogons. However, confusion over taxonomy and proper identification and lack of information on ploidy levels and cytogenetics of individual clones and cultivars have constrained breeding efforts. Objectives of this study were to validate the identification and nomenclature and determine genome sizes and ploidy levels for an extensive reference collection of species and cultivars of liriopogons. Identification was accomplished using existing keys, nomenclature was corrected, and numerous accessions were reassigned based on morphology. Genome sizes were determined by flow cytometry. Ploidy levels for each species were confirmed by traditional cytology. Results confirmed a basic chromosome number of x = 18 for liriopogons with aneuploidy, polyploidy, and cytochimeras found in some cases. The Liriope examined included diploids (L. graminifolia, L. longipedicellata, L. minor, and some of the L. platyphylla), tetraploids (L. muscari and the remaining L. platyphylla), and hexaploids (L. exiliflora and L. spicata). The Ophiopogon studied included diploids (O. intermedius, O. jaburan, O. planiscapus, and O. umbraticola) and a tetraploid/hypotetraploid species (O. japonicus). Monoploid (1Cx) genome sizes varied by genus and species with 1Cx values ranging from 4.27 pg in L. exiliflora to 8.15 pg in O. jaburan. These results clarify nomenclature and taxonomy and provide specific information on genome sizes and ploidy levels of cultivated liriopogons. This information and associated reference collection will aid future taxonomic revisions and enhance efforts to develop new cultivars of liriopogons.

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Taxonomic Problems in Cultivated Liriopogons

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Variation in Genome Size, Ploidy, Stomata, and rDNA Signals in Althea

Variation in Genome Size, Ploidy, Stomata, and rDNA Signals in Althea

Molecular and Morphological Investigation of Ornamental Liriopogons

Identification, Nomenclature, Genome Sizes, and Ploidy Levels of Liriope and Ophiopogon Taxa

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