Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Saccharomonospora and Description of Saccharomonospora glauca sp. nov.

Abstract

Representatives of Saccharomonospora viridis (type strain DSM 43017), Saccharomonospora caesia (type strain DSM 43044), and Saccharomonospora internatus (type strain DSM 43671), together with 52 Saccharomonospora isolates from compost, manure, hay, and soil, were characterized by determining morphological, biochemical, and physiological properties, phage sensitivity, antibiotic activity, enzyme and protein patterns (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and restriction patterns of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids. The type strain of S . internatus proved to be identical to S. viridis, and thus S . internatus should be regarded as a synonym of S. viridis. A total of 16 strains differed significantly from S. viridis and S . caesia and are proposed as members of a new species, Saccharomonospora gZauca (type strain, DSM 43769). Since the three species differ in phage sensitivity, production of antibiotic substances, and enzyme, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid restriction patterns, these properties can be used for reliable species identification.The genus Saccharomonospora was created by Nonomura and Ohara (24) for monosporic actinomycetes with cell wall type IV (21) (i.e., meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose in cell hydrolysates [sugar type A]). Saccharomonospora is one of several wall type IV actinomycete genera which do not contain mycolic acids (4). Kroppenstedt (17) extended the range of biochemical characteristics for this genus as follows: fatty acid type 2a plus 2-hydroxy fatty acids (mainly iso-branched and 2-hydroxy branched fatty acids with 16 carbon atoms), phospholipid type 2 (mainly hydroxy-and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine), and menaquinone type 2 [MK-8(H4), MK-9(H,)]. Furthermore, the combination of a green to bluish green color of the aerial and substrate mycelia and monosporic morphology appears to be a good indication that an isolate belongs to the genus Saccharomonospora.Whereas the genus Saccharomonospora is clearly distinguished from other genera of the Actinomycetales, the taxonomy of this group at the species level appears to be less certain. Goodfellow and Pirouz (6), McCarthy and Cross (22), and Greiner-Mai et al. (10) observed heterogeneity among strains labeled Saccharomonospora viridis with regard to color of aerial mycelia (the mycelia of some isolates are violet instead of green), physiological properties, and phage sensitivity. However, the data available at the time that these studies were done did not allow partition of Saccharomonospora viridis into separate species. Kurup (18) considered Micropolyspora caesia (13) and Micropolyspora internatus (1) to be members of the genus Saccharomonospora. This was confirmed by Greiner-Mai et al. (lo), who distinguished three species, Saccharomonospora viridis, Saccharomonospora caesia, and Saccharomonospora internatus. More recently, two new species have been described, Saccharomonospora azurea (27) and Saccharomonospora yunnanensis (3). Since ...

A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Saccharomonospora Conducted with 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

“…There are currently four validly described Saccharomonospora species, namely, Saccharomonospora azurea (32), Saccharomonospora cyanea (33), Saccharomonospora glauca (17), and Saccharomonospora viridis (30), the type species of the genus. A fifth species, "Saccharomonospora caesia," was proposed by Greiner-Mai et al (18) for organisms previously classified as Micropolyspora caesia (20,22); this organism did not appear in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (35) and has not been added subsequently, and hence, it has not been validly published.…”

Transfer of Faenia rectivirgula Kurup and Agre 1983 to the Genus Saccharopolyspora Lacey and Goodfellow 1975, Elevation of Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. taberi Labeda 1987 to Species Level, and Emended Description of the Genus Saccharopolyspora

“…Analyses of esterases, malate dehydrogenase, and total proteins were performed by using the methods described by Greiner-Mai et al (13). Occurrence of plasmids and restriction analysis of total DNA.…”

Saccharomonospora halophila sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from marsh soil in Kuwait.

“…Strains of thermophilic Saccharomonospora species are usually isolated from natural high-temperature habitats such as leaf litter, manure and compost (Embley, 1992 ;Greiner-Mai et al, 1988), whereas mesophilic species are frequently found in soil samples (Hu, 1987 ;Hu et al, 1988 ;Jin et al, 1998). Until now, there have been no reports on the isolation of a halophilic Saccharomonospora strain.…”