Taxonomic Revision of the<i>Casearia ulmifolia</i>Complex (Salicaceae)

Marquete, Ronaldo; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas

doi:10.3417/2011011

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Several isolectotypes are known, among them one in Ventenat's herbarium. We are not in agreement with previous authors (Sleumer, 1980 ;Marquete & Mansano, 2012) and do not consider the collection in G-DC [G00476917] as elements of original material. Notes.…”

Section: Lectotypus (Designated Bycontrasting

confidence: 74%

Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757–1808) and the gardens of Cels and Empress Joséphine

Callmander¹,

Durbin²,

Lack³

et al. 2017

Candollea

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The intensive geographical exploration of the world, starting in the mid eighteenth century, resulted in the discovery of numerous plant species new to science of which many were subsequently introduced into cultivation in Europe. Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757-1808) contributed widely to this process. After the end of his curatorial and teaching commitments at Sainte-Geneviève Abbey in Paris he became an active botanist following in the footprints of his mentor Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle (1746-1800). Ventenat was attracted by a trend of his period : publishing magnificent botanical books splendidly illustrated. He published three flower books from 1800 to 1808 on exotic plants recently brought to France from all over the world by various expeditions. Two flower books describe plants cultivated by Jacques-Martin Cels (1740-1806), an influential horticulturist who had built one of the most impressive plant collections of his period at Montrouge, just outside Paris. Another plant lover was Empress Joséphine (1763-1814). After her wedding with Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), she bought in 1799 the splendid estate of Malmaison west of Paris. There the Empress assembled a remarkable collection of exotic plants, largely cultivated in her orangery and the "Grande Serre Chaude". She engaged Ventenat to describe her luxurious collection and the artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1761-1841), later known as the "Raphaël des fleurs", to depict the plants. This resulted in the famous flower book Jardin de la Malmaison, a masterpiece of botanical illustration. Ventenat, exhausted, passed away in 1808. His personal herbarium was bought in 1809 by Benjamin Delessert (1773-1847) whose herbarium was later donated to the City of Geneva in 1869. In his three flower books Ventenat treated a total of 343 plant names. A search in the herbaria of Geneva, Paris, Berlin and Madrid resulted in the finding of nearly all the original material relative to these names. A comprehensive list of names is provided here with comments on the origin of the plant material in the context of the explorations of this period, as well as information on typification and currently accepted names. In his three flower books Ventenat validated the names of 208 taxa (207 species and one variety) new to science : of these 67 are still accepted today as published while 52 are basionyms of names currently placed in another genera. Of these 208 names, lectotypification was not needed for 116 and the holotype has been found in G. For the remaining 92 names, 21 previous lectotypifications have been published but 5 of them needed a second-step lectotypification ; 70 new lectotypes have been selected and one neotype. Further comments on the typification of ten species are also provided.

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Section: Lectotypus (Designated Bycontrasting

confidence: 74%

Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757–1808) and the gardens of Cels and Empress Joséphine

Callmander¹,

Durbin²,

Lack³

et al. 2017

Candollea

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“…We also combined “fascicle” and “glomerule” since both are very similar and differ solely in the presence (fascicle) or absence of peduncles (glomerule) (Beentje, 2016). The information on characters and states was obtained from the literature (Warburg, 1895; Hutchinson, 1967; Sleumer, 1980; Gutiérrez, 2000; Marquete & Mansano, 2012), herbarium vouchers and protologues. The resulting morphological character matrix can be found in Appendix 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Casearia ulmifolia SAL071 0 0 1 2 1 1 3 Sleumer (1980), Marquete & Mansano (2012) Casearia velutina MN078141 0 0 1 2 1 1 3 Sleumer (1955), Yang & Zmarzty (2007) Casearia zizyphoides SAL072 0 0 1 2 1 1 3 Sleumer (1980), herb. voucher…”

Section: ■ Author Contributionsunclassified

“…Asia and Oceania comprise about 100 species, whereas Africa only has some 15–30 species, depending on their circumscription (Breteler, 2008; African Plant Database, 2020). Of the 110 American species, about 70 are found in continental South America and 50 are restricted to that area (70%) based on Sleumer (1980) and later descriptions of species (Marquete & Mansano, 2010, 2012, 2013; Alford, 2015; Nepomuceno & Alves, 2017), whereas Mesoamerica and Mexico possess around 30 species, of which 15 are endemics (50%), based on Sleumer (1980) and later descriptions of species (Castillo‐Campos & Medina Abreo, 2003; Linares & Angulo F., 2005). The Caribbean islands harbour about 30 species, of which 15 to 20 are endemic (50%; including many of the former genus Laetia ), based on Sleumer (1980) and later descriptions of taxa (Gutiérrez, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Character evolution and biogeography of Casearia (Salicaceae): Evidence for the South American origin of a pantropical genus and for multiple migrations to the Caribbean islands

Mestier

Brokamp

Celis

et al. 2022

TAXON

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Casearia (Salicaceae) is a pantropical genus of circa 200 species, around half of which dwell in the Neotropics. Despite the availability of phylogenetic studies that suggest that Casearia sensu Sleumer is not monophyletic, a strong phylogenetic framework was still lacking for this genus. We tested the monophyly of Casearia and examined the relationships of its species to other taxa of the tribe Samydeae, including Laetia, Samyda and Zuelania, which recently have been sunk into Casearia, as well as Euceraea, Lunania, Neoptychocarpus, Ryania and Tetrathylacium. We further put a focus on the Neotropical taxa since Casearia and allies are speciose both on the Caribbean islands and adjacent mainlands, thus providing an interesting group to address the origin of the Caribbean and Cuban flora. Our phylogenetic analyses based on four combined rapidly evolving plastid regions (petD, rpl16, rps4-trnT-L-F, trnK-matK-psbA) as well as nuclear ITS revealed Casearia as monophyletic with high support, including not only the former members of Laetia, Samyda and Zuelania but also Euceraea and Neoptychocarpus. Casearia is constituted by several major clades, mostly being entirely Neotropical, one of which exclusively comprises species endemic to the Caribbean islands. Another clade, which includes all Palaeotropical species, is nested among Neotropical lineages. Our divergence date estimates using the plastid dataset and fossil calibration points in Salicaceae indicate that the Casearia crown group started to diversify during the late Eocene, approximately 39 Ma. The stem of the Old World clade diverged from Neotropical ancestors around 27 Ma, in the Oligocene. We used BayesTraits to reconstruct the evolution of seven characters commonly used to define Casearia and allied genera. We found morphological characters, such as branched inflorescences (fasciculate, glomerulous, cymose) or uniseriate stamen series, that work well to circumscribe the genus, whereas dioecy, which was used to diagnose Neoptychocarpus, or higher stamen numbers (>12), found in Laetia and Zuelania, are homoplastic in Salicaceae, the latter character derived within Casearia from ancestors with 7-12 stamens. Pellucid dots appear to have evolved earlier than the divergence of the Casearia clade in Samydeae, and were lost in Ryania and Tetrathylacium, and thus are no synapomorphy for Casearia. In order to establish a monophyletic genus concept for Casearia, we propose to also merge Euceraea and Neoptychocarpus. Our reconstruction of ancestral areas using BioGeoBears indicate that South America is the ancestral area of Casearia. From there, multiple migrations occurred to Mesoamerica and the Caribbean islands. The Caribbean that comprises nearly all Caribbean endemics started to diversify around 9.5 Ma. Our trees depict C. corymbosa, which exhibits significant infraspecific phylogenetic structure for the sampled Mexican and Colombian individuals, as the sister to the Caribbean clade. The other clade, with Cuban endemics (C. ternstroemioides) but also Mesoamerican a...

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“…The presence of ‘glands’ on the apex of leaf margin teeth in Casearia has been reported by several authors (Sleumer, ; Marquete, ; Marquete & Mansano, , ). These descriptions were based on fresh samples observed in the field and herbarium samples analysed with a stereomicroscope, and are thus limited to general morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Colleters inCasearia(Salicaceae): a new interpretation for the theoid teeth

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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Salicaceae possess a range of leaf teeth types, many characterized as nectariferous salicoid or violoid teeth. One large genus, Casearia, deviates from this generalization in having theoid teeth. Although taxonomic descriptions of Casearia have included reports of glands at the apex of teeth, there have been no descriptions of their anatomy or functional role. Here, we aim to describe the anatomy of the theoid teeth of 43 Casearia spp. Leaf samples from herbarium specimens were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Leaves of C. sylvestris were collected and fixed in the field for histochemical tests, revealing only polysaccharides in secretory epidermal cells and outside of these cells. The glands have precocious development and are composed of a non-vascular central axis covered with a palisade-like secretory epidermis. During senescence, the cells of the palisade-like secretory epidermis and central axis appear to lose their typical form, with some cell walls disintegrating. In the mature leaf, an abscission zone at the base of the gland causes detachment of the gland. The placement, anatomical structure, precocious activity and polysaccharide secretion (in C. sylvestris) allow the recognition of the glands associated with the marginal teeth in Casearia as colleters. Similar studies are needed for other genera in order to clarify how colleters have evolved in Salicaceae and how they are functionally and anatomically related to other teeth types in the family.

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Taxonomic Revision of theCasearia ulmifoliaComplex (Salicaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757–1808) and the gardens of Cels and Empress Joséphine

Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757–1808) and the gardens of Cels and Empress Joséphine

Character evolution and biogeography of Casearia (Salicaceae): Evidence for the South American origin of a pantropical genus and for multiple migrations to the Caribbean islands

Colleters inCasearia(Salicaceae): a new interpretation for the theoid teeth

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