Taxonomy and Physiology of Oxyrrhis marina and Oxyrrhis maritima in Korean Waters

Jung, Min Kyoung; Yin, Tae Yeon; Moon, Seung Joo; Park, Jae-Yeon; Yoon, Eun Young

doi:10.3390/w13152057

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Food scarcity has been shown to exacerbate the impacts of OA on several predators (Thomsen et al, 2013;Pedersen et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017). In this work, the high and low food concentrations that reflected different levels of food availability below the satiate feeding (Roberts et al, 2011) and were close to that in the environment where O. marina is common (Jung et al, 2021;Ok et al, 2021), did not alter the impacts of OA, which reduced its respiration (Figures 2C, D) but did not alter its growth and ingestion (Figures 2A, B, 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Ocean acidification and food availability impacts on the metabolism and grazing in a cosmopolitan herbivorous protist Oxyrrhis marina

Wang,

Gao

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina is an essential microzooplankton in coastal waters, linking the energy transfer from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels. It is of general significance to investigate how it responds and acclimates to ocean acidification (OA), especially under varied availabilities of food. Here, O. marina was exposed and acclimated to three pCO2 levels (LC: 415, MC:1000, HC:1500 μatm) for 60 days, and then was further grown under the CO2 levels with different levels of food (the microalgae Dunaliella salina) availability for about 8 generations. The OA treatments did not significantly hamper its growth and ingestion rates even under the reduced food availability and starvation (deprived of the microalgae), which significantly reduced its growth rate. While the impacts of OA on the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina were insignificant, the OA treatments appeared to have resulted in a faster decline of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate cells during the starvation period. Nevertheless, the acidic stress under the elevated pCO2 of 1000 or 1500 μatm decreased its respiration by about 53% or 59% with the high and by about 26% or 23% with the low food availability, respectively. Such OA-repressed respiration was also significant during the starvation period. On the other hand, the OA treatments and deprivation of the microalgae synergistically reduced the cellular quota of particulate organic C, N and P, resulting in a reduction of food value of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate as prey. In conclusion, our results show that O. marina is highly resilient to future ocean acidification by reducing its respiration and sustaining its ingestion of microalgae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Ocean acidification and food availability impacts on the metabolism and grazing in a cosmopolitan herbivorous protist Oxyrrhis marina

Wang,

Gao

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The HTD Aduncodinium glandula has been used as a potential predator in several studies (Jang et al, 2016;Jeong et al, 2018a). These heterotrophic protists have been reported to be present in the eastern South Sea of Korea, where S. gracilenta SGJH1904 was isolated (Jeong et al, 2006(Jeong et al, , 2011Kang et al, 2015Kang et al, , 2019Lim et al, 2017;Jung et al, 2021). Thus, S. gracilenta is likely to encounter these heterotrophic protists in natural environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between the Kleptoplastidic Dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta and Several Common Heterotrophic Protists

Park

Jeong

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The newly described dinoflagellate, Shimiella gracilenta, is known to survive for approximately 1 month on the plastids of ingested prey cells during starvation, indicating kleptoplastidy. To understand the population dynamics of this dinoflagellate in marine planktonic food webs, its growth and mortality rate due to predation should be assessed. Thus, we investigated the feeding occurrence of eight common heterotrophic protists on S. gracilenta. We also determined the growth and ingestion rates of Oxyrrhis marina and the naked ciliate, Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta as a function of the prey concentration. The common heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HTDs) Gyrodinium dominans, O. marina, and Pfiesteria piscicida and a naked ciliate Rimostrombidium sp. were able to feed on S. gracilenta; whereas the HTDs Aduncodinium glandula, Gyrodinium jinhaense, Oblea rotunda, and Polykrikos kofoidii were not. Shimiella gracilenta supported positive growth of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. but did not support that of G. dominans and P. piscicida. With increasing prey concentrations, the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta increased and became saturated. The maximum growth rates of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta were 0.645 and 0.903 day−1, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum ingestion rates of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta were 0.11 ng C predator day−1 (1.6 cells predator−1 day−1) and 35 ng C predator day−1 (500 cells predator−1 day−1), respectively. The maximum ingestion rate of O. marina on S. gracilenta was lower than that on any other algal prey reported to date, although its maximum growth rate was moderate. In conclusion, S. gracilenta had only a few common heterotrophic protist predators but could support moderate growth rates of the predators. Thus, S. gracilenta may not be a common prey species for diverse heterotrophic protists but may be a suitable prey for a few heterotrophic protists.

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Taxonomic Composition of Protist Communities in the Coastal Stratified Lake Kislo-Sladkoe (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea) Revealed by Microscopy

et al. 2022

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Lake Kislo-Sladkoe is a stratified water body partly isolated from the White Sea. Perennial meromixis in the lake irregularly alternates with mixing events. Taking into account that the protists of Arctic coastal stratified water bodies are understudied, we evaluated for the first time the vertical structure, species richness, and diversity of protists assigned to different taxonomic groups in Lake Kislo-Sladkoe using light, luminescent, and scanning electron microscopy. To test the research hypothesis that a mixing event affects the vertical stratification and species composition of protists in a stratified lake, we compared the protist communities of Lake Kislo-Sladkoe in two extremely different states: strong meromixis vs. full vertical mixing. A total of 97 morphologically distinct phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic protists were revealed with the most diverse supertaxa SAR (59), Obazoa (9), and Excavates (14). The hidden diversity of protists (43 species) was a bit less than the active diversity (54 species). A taxonomic list and micrographs of cells for the observed protists are provided. The majority of species revealed are cosmopolitan or widespread in the northern sea waters. The vertical patterns of protist communities were absolutely different in 2018 and 2021. In July 2018, clearly distinct protist communities inhabited different layers of the lake. Bloom of cryptophyte Rhodomonas cf. baltica was detected in chemocline, whereas the maximum density of its grazers was observed in adjacent layers, mainly dinoflagellates Gymnodinium sp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, as well as a ciliate Prorodon sp. In 2021 due to the recent mixing of lake and seawater, there were no distinct communities in the water column except the superficial 0–1 m layer of fresh water.

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Taxonomy and Physiology of Oxyrrhis marina and Oxyrrhis maritima in Korean Waters

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Ocean acidification and food availability impacts on the metabolism and grazing in a cosmopolitan herbivorous protist Oxyrrhis marina

Ocean acidification and food availability impacts on the metabolism and grazing in a cosmopolitan herbivorous protist Oxyrrhis marina

Interactions Between the Kleptoplastidic Dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta and Several Common Heterotrophic Protists

Taxonomic Composition of Protist Communities in the Coastal Stratified Lake Kislo-Sladkoe (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea) Revealed by Microscopy

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