Taxonomy for surveying the use and value of geographical information!

Towards a New GIS Maturity Model: An Organizational Usage Perspective

“…use (Brown, 1996;Calkins and Obermeyer, 1991;Croswell, 1991;Esnard, 2007;Göçmen and 52 Ventura, 2010;Higgs et al, 2005;Hussain and Johar, 2010;Onsrud and Pinto, 1993;Ventura, 1995;Ye et al, 2014). GIS maturity models have also considered the implication of organizational variables (Babinsky, 2013;Exprodat, 2013;Giff and Jackson, 2013;Grimshaw, 1996;O'Flaherty et al, 2005;van Loenen and van Rij, 2008).…”

“…Göçmen and Ventura (2010) also examine GIS functions to measure GIS usage. Others stress the need to examine the nature of tasks (processes, workflow, jobs, applications or procedures) where GIS is used (Baban and Ramlal, 2006;Calkins and Obermeyer, 1991;French and Winggins, 1990;Giff and Jackson, 2013;Mäkelä, 2012;Marr and Benwell, 1996;Nedovic-Budic, 1993). Researchers have also shown interest in asking questions about the type of users and departments using GIS (Baban and Ramlal, 2006;Calkins and Obermeyer, 1991;Convery and Ives-Dewey, 2008;Marr and Benwell, 1996).…”

“…Research on GIS has touched to some extent on these three dimensions (system, task and user). Calkins and Obermeyer (1991) suggest asking questions about GIS functions used (system) to evaluate the usage of GIS. Göçmen and Ventura (2010) also examine GIS functions to measure GIS usage.…”

“…The fourth category "well-being," explores the effect of the system on the society and citizens. Calkins and Obermeyer (1991) had developed another taxonomy of GIS value which incorporates questions as to whether GIS had an impact on time savings, increased productivity, avoidance of costs, reduction of risk and the development of new applications not possible without GIS.…”

“…The questions revolve around the characteristics of successful uses of GIS, benefits of GIS, effectiveness of GIS use, measurement of benefits, characteristics of GIS data and spatial analysis and organizational factors. The questions that pertain to GIS usage at the organizational level in local government are: those focusing on the purpose of using GIS (inventory, analysis, or decision support); the GIS capabilities required (display of geographic data, query, direct measurement, map overlay, network algorithms, and spatial models); users of geographic data or information (analyst, middle management, upper management, general public, or public opinion groups); and management level of user (operations, management, or policy) as described in Calkins and Obermeyer (1991).…”