Taxonomy, History, and Use

Fox, James G.

doi:10.1002/9781118782699.ch1

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Slight differences in morphology of the transverse processes in same category of LTV were also described. A separate spinous process at S1 is described as one sign of LTV, but the sacral anatomy of ferrets differs from dog and cats, and three separated spinal processes with fusion of the vertebral body is a normal finding . Additionally, the classification of LTV on radiographic and CT evaluations may vary within the same animal .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D omesticated ferrets ( Mustela putoris furo ) belong to the family Mustelidae and are related to weasels, mink, otters, badgers, stoats, and martens . Ferrets are still used for rodent and rabbit hunting, the production of fur, and as laboratory animals in biomedical research . The popularity of ferrets as companion animals has increased rapidly in the last several years, and they are now one of the most popular species of pets in the United States .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Ferrets are still used for rodent and rabbit hunting, the production of fur, and as laboratory animals in biomedical research. 2,3 The popularity of ferrets as companion animals has increased rapidly in the last several years, and they are now one of the most popular species of pets in the United States. 4 Pathologies of the vertebral column potentially requiring surgery have been described in pet ferrets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital Abnormalities of the Vertebral Column in Ferrets

Proks

Stehlík

Paninárová

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Vertebral column pathologies requiring surgical intervention have been described in pet ferrets, however little information is available on the normal vertebral formula and congenital variants in this species. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in a sample of pet ferrets. Radiographs of 172 pet ferrets (96 males and 76 females) were included in this retrospective study. In 143 ferrets (83.14%), five different formulas of the vertebral column were recorded with normal morphology of vertebrae (rib attachment included) but with a variable number of thoracic (Th), lumbar (L), and sacral (S) vertebrae. The number of cervical (C) vertebrae was constant in all examined animals. Observed vertebral formulas were C7/Th14/L6/S3 (51.74%), C7/Th14/L6/S4 (22.10%), C7/Th14/L7/S3 (6.98%), C7/Th15/L6/S3 (1.74%), and C7/Th15/L6/S4 (0.58%). Formula C7/Th14/L6/S4 was significantly more common in males than in females (P < 0.05). Congenital spinal abnormalities were found in 29 ferrets (16.86%), mostly localized in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions. The cervical region was affected in only one case. Transitional vertebrae represented the most common congenital abnormalities (26 ferrets) in the thoracolumbar (13 ferrets) and lumbosacral regions (10 ferrets) or simultaneously in both regions (three ferrets). Other vertebral anomalies included block (two ferrets) and wedge vertebra (one ferret). Spina bifida was not detected. Findings from the current study indicated that vertebral formulas may vary in ferrets and congenital abnormalities are common. This should be taken into consideration for surgical planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital Abnormalities of the Vertebral Column in Ferrets

Proks

Stehlík

Paninárová

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Although not definitive, ferrets are crepuscular and like to burrow in small spaces and tunnels, so it is likely that they do not prefer bright open spaces (Fox, 2014). Also, we used a rodent-sized apparatus, which may not be large enough to test for dislike of the center zone in ferrets.…”

Section: Behavioral Impairments and Relation To Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of histopathological and behavioral abnormalities following mild traumatic brain injury in the male ferret

Schwerin

Chatterjee

Imam-Fulani

et al. 2018

J of Neuroscience Research

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White matter damage is an important consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans. Unlike rodents, ferrets have a substantial amount of white matter and a gyrencephalic brain; therefore, they may represent an ideal small mammal model to study human-pertinent consequences of TBI.Here we report immunohistochemical and behavioral results after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury to the sensorimotor cortex of adult male ferrets. We assessed inflammation in the neocortex and white matter, and behavior at 1 day post injury and 1, 4, and 16 weeks post injury (WPI). CCI in the ferret produced inflammation that originated in the neocortex near the site of the injury and progressed deep into the white matter with time. The density of microglia and astrocytes increased in the neocortex near the injury, peaking at 4WPI and remaining elevated at 16WPI. Microglial morphology in the neocortex was significantly altered in the first 4 weeks, but showed a return toward normal at 16 weeks. Clusters of microglial cells in the white matter persisted until 16WPI. We assessed motor and cognitive behavior using the open field, novel object recognition, T-maze, and gait tests. A transient deficit in memory occurred at 4WPI, with a reduction of rearing and motor ability at 12 and 16WPI. Behavioral impairments coincide with features of the inflammatory changes in the neocortex revealed by immunohistochemistry. The ferret represents an important animal model to explore ongoing damage in the white matter and cerebral cortex after TBI. K E Y W O R D Sastrocytes, astrogliosis, attention, behavior, brain, cerebral cortex, cognitive impairment, GFAP, gray matter, mammals, memory, neuroinflammation, reactive microglia, TBI (traumatic brain injury), white matter

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“…Approximately, 7-10 million ferrets are maintained as household pets in the United States. 3,36 In 1882, ferrets were introduced in New Zealand to control the burgeoning European rabbit population are now considered feral animals and they play an important role in the transmission of tuberculosis to the native species of that country. 16,92 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrinopathy and Aging in Ferrets

Bakthavatchalu¹,

Muthupalani²,

Marini³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Pathology

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Ferrets have become more popular as household pets and as animal models in biomedical research in the past 2 decades. The average life span of ferrets is about 5-11 years with onset of geriatric diseases between 3-4 years including endocrinopathies, neoplasia, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiomyopathy, splenomegaly, renal diseases, dental diseases, and cataract. Endocrinopathies are the most common noninfectious disease affecting middle-aged and older ferrets. Spontaneous neoplasms affecting the endocrine system of ferrets appear to be increasing in prevalence with a preponderance toward proliferative lesions in the adrenal cortex and pancreatic islet cells. Diet, gonadectomy, and genetics may predispose ferrets to an increased incidence of these endocrinopathies. These functional proliferative lesions cause hypersecretion of hormones that alter the physiology and metabolism of the affected ferrets resulting in a wide range of clinical manifestations. However, there is an apparent dearth of information available in the literature about the causal relationship between aging and neoplasia in ferrets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and physiology of endocrine organs, disease incidence, age at diagnosis, clinical signs, pathology, and molecular markers available for diagnosis of various endocrine disorders in ferrets.Keywords adrenal-associated endocrinopathy; adrenocortical neoplasm; aging; cysts; diabetes mellitus; endocrinopathies; endocrine tumors; estrogen-induced anemia; ferret; gonadectomy; insulinoma; islet cell tumor; multiple endocrine neoplasia; neuroblastoma; ovary; pancreatic polypeptidoma; parathyroid; pheochromocytoma; pituitary; review; teratoma; testis; thyroid The domestic ferret Mustela putorius furo, like the skunk, mink, weasel, stoat, otter, and badger, is a carnivorous mammal that belongs to the Mustelidae family. Ferrets were domesticated more than 2000 years ago and were primarily used for hunting rabbits and for fur production in Europe. Introduced in 1875, ferrets are considered companion animals in the United States. Approximately, 7-10 million ferrets are maintained as household pets in the United States. 3,36 In 1882, ferrets were introduced in New Zealand to control the Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Corresponding Author: J. G. Fox, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. jgfox@mit.edu. Supplemental material for this article is available on the Veterinary Pathology website at http://vet.sagepub.com/supplemental. Declaration of Conflicting Interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Vet Pathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 20. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscriptburgeoning European rabbit population are now considered feral animals and they play an important role in the t...

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Taxonomy, History, and Use

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Congenital Abnormalities of the Vertebral Column in Ferrets

Congenital Abnormalities of the Vertebral Column in Ferrets

Progression of histopathological and behavioral abnormalities following mild traumatic brain injury in the male ferret

Endocrinopathy and Aging in Ferrets

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