Taxonomy of actinomycetes in the deep-sea Calyptogena communities and characterization of the antibacterial compound produced by Actinomadura sp. DS-MS-114

Abstract

Fifteen actinomycetes were isolated from deep-sea sediments in Calyptogena communities in the Japan Trench (depth: 5352 m) and Sagami Bay (depth: 1171 m) under incubation at 4-37 C. A relatively large number of colonies were obtained with incubation at 30 C from the deep-sea sediment of Sagami Bay. We found Rhodococcus, Nocardioides and Micromonospora actinomycetes in both sediments, and additionally isolated an Aeromicrobium actinomycete from the Japan Trench and Streptomyces and Actinomadura actinomycetes from Sagami Bay. Actinomadura sp. DS-MS-114 isolated from the deep-sea sediment in Sagami Bay produced an antibacterial compound against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC12732 T. Structural analysis by liquid chromatography-high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) indicated that the antibacterial compound was 5,6-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylbenz[a]anthracene-7,12-quinone, which is known as an immunosuppressant. The deep-sediment in the Calyptogena community may be useful as a source of various actinomycetes producing physiologically active substances.

The secondary metabolites of rare actinomycetes: chemistry and bioactivity

“…M39 was discovered from a Macrotermes natalensis colony in a termite worker. The strain produced four new 20-membered glycosylated polyketide macrolactams, named macrotermycin A-D (18)(19)(20)(21). Macrotermycin A displayed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 24433 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 (IC 50 ¼ 1, 1.5, 10 and 5 mg mL À1 , respectively).…”

Kumemicinones A–G, Cytotoxic Angucyclinones from a Deep Sea-Derived Actinomycete of the Genus Actinomadura

“…35−37 Most of them are from streptomycetes, some from the families Pseudonocardiaceae (Amycolatopsis, Saccharothrix, and Saccharopolyspora) and Micromonosporaceae (Actinoplanes and Micromonospora). To the best of our knowledge, only four groups of angucyclinones, SF2315A and SF2315B, 23,24 AI-090 and AI-096, 38 5,6-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylbenz[a]anthracene-7,12-quinone, 39 and miaosporones, 25 are the precedents from Actinomadura. Skeletal rearrangement via C−C bond cleavage is known for some angucyclines and angucyclinones such as jadomycins, 40 gilvocarcins, 41 and emycins, 42 but a spirocyclic framework found in 4 is unprecedented in natural products.…”

“…KD439 led to the discovery of seven new angucyclinones, kumemicinones A–G ( 1 – 7 ), along with known SF2315B and miaosporone E. The angucycline/angucyclinone-class polyketides are represented by tetrangomycins, landomycins, and kinamycins and at present comprise 400 congeners. − Most of them are from streptomycetes, some from the families Pseudonocardiaceae ( Amycolatopsis , Saccharothrix , and Saccharopolyspora ) and Micromonosporaceae ( Actinoplanes and Micromonospora ). To the best of our knowledge, only four groups of angucyclinones, SF2315A and SF2315B, , AI-090 and AI-096, 5,6-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylbenz­[ a ]­anthracene-7,12-quinone, and miaosporones, are the precedents from Actinomadura . Skeletal rearrangement via C–C bond cleavage is known for some angucyclines and angucyclinones such as jadomycins, gilvocarcins, and emycins, but a spirocyclic framework found in 4 is unprecedented in natural products.…”

Chemistry and biology of specialized metabolites produced by Actinomadura

“… 123 104 exhibited activity against S. aureus . 124 Compound 104 has also been patented for its immunosuppressant activity against Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis of T lymphocytes, 125 though it seems likely that this will also be based on general cell toxicity.…”