TCDD in bottom sediments and eel around a refuse dump near Amsterdam, Holland

Dioxin hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates a synoptic review

“…Fish from the Spring River (and also the Meremac River, Missouri) contained inordinately high levels of 18 to 78 ppt of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, prompting the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to issue a health advisory in 1982 against fish Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD measured in selected organisms and nonbiological materials collected from various locales. All values are in parts-per-tril 1 ion (ng/kg) fresh weight, Ecosystem, taxonomic group, collection locale, year of collection, species, tissue, and other variables Heida 1983 Max. 50,000,000 Ramel 1978Fanelli et al .…”

Levels of Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Crab Tissues from the Newark/Raritan Bay System

“…These PCDD/Fs can remain in aquatic ecosystems for long periods of time and have been detected in the tissues of aquatic species and sediments near other industrial locations in North America, Europe, and Japan (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The low water solubility of PCDD/Fs and their high adsorption to sediment do not rule out movement in the environment.…”

A review of the aquatic ecotoxicology of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans

“…On removal of contaminated fish sampled from the field to clean flowthrough water in the laboratory, the authors measured a depuration half-life of 325 days. Heida (1983) took sediment and eel samples from 7 different canal sites in and around a hazardous waste dump north of Amsterdam, Holland. Two other sites were sampled far outside the dump region to represent reference sites.…”