TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Tyagi, Ashima

doi:10.32628/cseit206420

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is a growing landscape, that is now being addressed by the realization of fresher technologies such as fifth generation (5G) and beyond, which present access to user in higher than gigabit speeds [4][5][6][7][8]. Current telecommunication networks use Internet Protocol (IP) [9] for traffic between spoke (user location) and hub (data center location) [10]. The low-speed (spoke) is connected to high-speed (hub), and this topology is called point-to-multipoint (P2MP) scheme [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Performance Investigation of Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Scheme for C- and O-band Point-to-Multipoint Optical Networks

Saadi

Sami²

2023

NJES

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The fifth generation (5G) and beyond mobile networks support increasing number of users with increasing bit rate per users. This has encouraged researchers to propose coherent digital subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) point-to-multipoint (P2MP) architectures to reduce the cost and complexity of optical transport networks, particularly in the metro aggregation scenario. However, coherent optical receiver is relatively costly and complexity compared with a direct-detection (DD) counterpart due to the use of a synchronized local laser. This paper addresses design issues and performance investigation of intensity modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) P2MP optical networks. P2MP architectures are designed using digital RF multisubcarrier (MSC) waveform embedded on the intensity of continuous-wave (CW) laser beside direct-detection scheme. The design covers C- and O-band operation using a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) architecture. Further single- and double-polarization (SP and DP) versions are reported for each type of the networks. All the architectures are built in Optisystem version 15 environment and simulated for different network parameters, under the assumption of 25 Gbps per subcarrier data rate. The main performance measures are maximum route reach and bit rate-distance product (BDP). The simulation results indicate that DD networks can replaced the coherent counterpart when number of subcarriers per optical channel is 4. Further, the O-band P2MP networks offer high values of maximum reach and BDP than C-band counterparts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Performance Investigation of Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Scheme for C- and O-band Point-to-Multipoint Optical Networks

Saadi

Sami²

2023

NJES

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“…TCP / IP is the acronym of "Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol". TCP/IP model was created with its version of layers which was derivated from the 7 layers of the OSI Model[8]. TCP/IP protocol made networking easy and reliable.…”

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confidence: 99%

Various Possible Attacks and Mitigations of the OSI Model Layers Through Pentesting – An Overview

Mayukha¹,

Vadivel²

2023

New Frontiers in Communication and Intelligent Systems

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The OSI model is the traditional way to transmit data from one computer node to another. The transmission distance can differ from the node being in the next cubicle or to the next continent or anywhere in the world. The data is transmitted and received by the nodes that are connected to the internet. Even offline versions of transmission happen within a closed network of wired or wireless connectivity. Whatever the case may be OSI Model plays the most vital role in the transmission of data. The OSI Model has been passed down from generations of computer systems. This is the foundation of data transmission where the security should be at the maximum. The approach in this paper is to provide an eagle's view on the attacks and security at each layer and the methods to mitigate those threats through penetration testing. Preventing an attack before it happens is the smartest move in the cyber field. Routine checks on the mitigation process will prevent a lot of data theft and save face in the future and protect the data and the network. The structure of this paper involves a short OSI model description and its layers. The attacks can be launched by any malicious hacker in each of the layers which can be mimicked through penetration testing. The mitigation process if any, can be performed for these types of attacks. If a system is armed up with security measures at each layer level, the penetration of that node or network would be next to impossible. This is not an easy feat to achieve and would require a whole lot of creative ideas and foolproof systems in place. Security is one of the top concerns in every area of the personal or professional front. Creating a foolproof system for the transmission of data from layer 1 through to layer 7 of the OSI model implemented among computer nodes can guarantee to be an impossible challenge for hackers to crack at. Over time these security measures can become a guideline or a protocol that would be implemented in the OSI Model. Awareness is the first line of defense or offense that can be initiated for mitigating any kind of attack in the cyber world. Only with knowledge of the attack, an enterprise can protect itself from the outside world. This is the first step towards that long road of awareness and mitigation process of attacks performed on the various layers of the OSI Model.

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Design and Performance Investigation of Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Scheme for C- and O-band Point-to-Multipoint Optical Networks

Design and Performance Investigation of Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection Scheme for C- and O-band Point-to-Multipoint Optical Networks

Various Possible Attacks and Mitigations of the OSI Model Layers Through Pentesting – An Overview

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