Tea caffeine: Metabolism, functions, and reduction strategies

Mohanpuria, Prashant; Kumar, Vinay; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s10068-010-0041-y

Cited by 72 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Commercially used tea is mainly distributed in three major varieties Camellia sinensis (Chinary), Camellia assamica (Assamica) and Camellia assamica ssp lasiocalyx (Cambod)2. Young tissues (an apical bud and the associated two leaves) of these varieties are used to manufacture high quality teas3. Tea cultivars type season and tissue were known to influence yield and quality of tea.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chinary, Assamica and Cambod tea (Camellia sinensis) Types during Development and Seasonal Variation using RNA-seq Technology

Kumar

Chawla

Sharma

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Tea quality and yield is influenced by various factors including developmental tissue, seasonal variation and cultivar type. Here, the molecular basis of these factors was investigated in three tea cultivars namely, Him Sphurti (H), TV23 (T), and UPASI-9 (U) using RNA-seq. Seasonal variation in these cultivars was studied during active (A), mid-dormant (MD), dormant (D) and mid-active (MA) stages in two developmental tissues viz. young and old leaf. Development appears to affect gene expression more than the seasonal variation and cultivar types. Further, detailed transcript and metabolite profiling has identified genes such as F3′H, F3′5′H, FLS, DFR, LAR, ANR and ANS of catechin biosynthesis, while MXMT, SAMS, TCS and XDH of caffeine biosynthesis/catabolism as key regulators during development and seasonal variation among three different tea cultivars. In addition, expression analysis of genes related to phytohormones such as ABA, GA, ethylene and auxin has suggested their role in developmental tissues during seasonal variation in tea cultivars. Moreover, differential expression of genes involved in histone and DNA modification further suggests role of epigenetic mechanism in coordinating global gene expression during developmental and seasonal variation in tea. Our findings provide insights into global transcriptional reprogramming associated with development and seasonal variation in tea.

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chinary, Assamica and Cambod tea (Camellia sinensis) Types during Development and Seasonal Variation using RNA-seq Technology

Kumar

Chawla

Sharma

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Apart from industrial and breeding techniques, genetic engineering appears to be promising strategy. Later involved both either overexpression of caffeine degradation pathway genes or silencing of a regulatory step of caffeine biosynthesis pathway (Yadav and Ahuja 2007;Mohanpuria et al 2010). These modern techniques of plant manipulation need the development of transgenic plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tea can become a most useful source of beneficial compounds upon reduction or elimination of caffeine from the plant. This can be achieved by silencing caffeine biosynthesis pathway gene(s) (Yadav and Ahuja 2007;Mohanpuria et al 2010). Transgenic coffee plants have already been produced with reduced caffeine content using gene silencing approach (Ogita et al 2003(Ogita et al , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing low-caffeine tea through post-transcriptional silencing of caffeine synthase mRNA

et al. 2011

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In this study, attempt has been made to produce a selected cultivar of tea with low-caffeine content using RNAi technology. The caffeine biosynthetic pathway in tea has been proposed to involve three N-methyltransferases such as xanthosine methyltransferase, 7-N-methylxanthine methyltransferase and 3, 7-dimethylxanthine methyltransferase. Last two steps of caffeine biosynthesis in tea have been known to be catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme known as caffeine synthase. To suppress the caffeine synthesis in the selected tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] cv. Kangra jat, we isolated a partial fragment of caffeine synthase (CS) from the same cultivar and used to design RNAi construct (pFGC1008-CS). Somatic embryos were transformed with the developed construct using biolistic method. Transformed somatic embryos showed reduction in the levels of CS transcript expression as well as in caffeine content. Plants were regenerated from the transformed somatic embryos. Transgenic plants showed a significant suppression of CS transcript expression and also showed a reduction of 44-61% in caffeine and 46-67% in theobromine contents as compared to the controls. These results suggest that the RNAi construct developed here using a single partial fragment of CS gene reduced the expression of the targeted endogenous gene significantly. However, the reduction in theobromine content in addition to caffeine documented the involvement of this single CS in the catalysis of last two methyl transfer steps in caffeine biosynthesis of tea.

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“…Tea has several constraints for genetic improvement such as its woody perennial nature and an average life of more than 60 years. Long life cycle, self-incompatibility, and high inbreeding depression of tea usually limit the genetic improvement by conventional breeding methods [2][3][4]. Using genetic engineering, several transgenic plants have been produced in a wide range of genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobacterium-Mediated Silencing of Caffeine Synthesis through Root Transformation in Camellia sinensis L.

et al. 2010

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Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is a perennial and most popular non-alcoholic caffeine-containing beverage crop. Tea has several constraints for its genetic improvement such as its high polyphenolic content and woody perennial nature. The development of transgenic tea is very difficult, laborious, and time taking process. In tea, regeneration requires minimum 8-12 months. In view of this, attempt has been made in this article to develop a rapid, efficient, and quite economical Agrobacterium-mediated root transformation system for tea. The feasibility of the developed protocol has been documented through silencing caffeine biosynthesis. For this, one-month-old tea seedlings were exposed to fresh wounding at the elongation zone of roots and were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures carrying a RNAi construct (pFGC1008-CS). The pFGC1008-CS contained 376 bp of caffeine synthase (CS) cDNA fragment in sense and antisense direction with an intron in between. This has made the RNAi construct to produce a hairpin RNA (ihpRNA). The suppressed expression of CS gene and a marked reduction in caffeine and theobromine contents in young shoots of tea seedlings were obtained after root transformation through Agrobacterium infiltration. Such transformation system could be useful for functional analysis of genes in tea like woody and perennial plants.

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Tea caffeine: Metabolism, functions, and reduction strategies

Cited by 72 publications

References 101 publications

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chinary, Assamica and Cambod tea (Camellia sinensis) Types during Development and Seasonal Variation using RNA-seq Technology

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chinary, Assamica and Cambod tea (Camellia sinensis) Types during Development and Seasonal Variation using RNA-seq Technology

Producing low-caffeine tea through post-transcriptional silencing of caffeine synthase mRNA

Agrobacterium-Mediated Silencing of Caffeine Synthesis through Root Transformation in Camellia sinensis L.

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