“…The themes that emerged from this research include: a) the need to understand AE habits and how each one can help facilitate deep learning (Bain, 2012;Bransford & Council, 2000;De Arment et al, 2013;Head, 2016) b) teachers must establish effective classroom environments that are learner-centered, knowledge-centered, assessment-centered, and community-centered (Bain, 2004;Bransford & Council, 2000;Farias et al, 2010;Rushton, 2005;Svinicki, 2007;Warburton, 2003); c) a teacher's ability to promote student motivation (Mager, 1997) and to create meaningful and substantial learning experiences that lead to mastery are parmount in the deep learning process; d) teachers set up the extent to which students will engage in deep learning through the assessments chosen and the nature of the work assigned and whether or not the educators provide specific, ongoing, and effective feedback and prompting (Ames & Archer, 1988;Bain, 2004;Chin & Brown, 2000;Rushton, 2005;Warburton, 2003); e) teachers must be provided effective and meaningful professional development and education so that they, too, can engage deep learning practices and model those for their students because their teaching strategies, assessments, and the learning environment that educators create influence how students approach learning (Marton, Hounsell, & Entwistle, 1984). Collectively, an exploration of these themes suggest that deep learning can replace surface and rote memorization approaches in the 21 st century classroom.…”