“…Attention has focused on the shortcomings of today's business graduates, with the HBS case approach seen as contributing to a narrow, instrumental, amoral, managerial perspective on business. It has been criticized for constructing mythical, heroic portrayals of leadership (Chetkovich & Kirp, 2001;Collinson & Tourish, 2015); privileging senior management views (Mintzberg, 2004) and managerialism (Contardo & Wensley, 2004); encouraging narrow, functionalist understandings of business rather than holistic thinking (Podolny, 2009); leading students towards pre-determined answers (Currie & Tempest, 2008); focusing on the solving of problems rather than the framing and definition of problems (Chia, 2005); excluding the voice of women, the poor (Kweder, 2014) and labor (Starkey & Tiratsoo, 2007); neglecting the interests and influence of other stakeholders (Bridgman, 2010;Starkey & Tempest, 2009) and containing a flawed logic of translatability from one context to others (Grey, 2004). Its pervasive influence on business education globally is also seen as a concern: for example, Liang and Wang (2004) warn Chinese case writers against "blindly following the case writing approach of the Harvard Business School" (411), viewing HBS cases as undersocialized, treating organizations as "a mere tool for profits, while neglecting their social nature" (404).…”