“…Thus, to teach and build understanding of mathematical terminology, the academic language of classroom instruction should be modified to employ a reduced amount of unfamiliar sophisticated nominal vocabularies. The complex theoretical concepts of mathematics represented in terms such as polygon , sides , vertices , corners , open , closed , straight , and curved , as well as the dialectal arrangements that are associated with those vocabularies, are often opaque to LEP students due to difficulties in translation and lack of parallelism in lexicon and ideas across languages (Cummins, 2005; Slavit & Ernst-Slavit, 2007). The argument extends to textbook discourse.…”