Technical assessment of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) mediated biorefinery process: A case study

Ultrasound-assisted biomass valorization to industrial interesting products: state-of-the-art, perspectives and challenges

“…Recently, the use of ionic liquids (IL), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been widely studied as an alternative to the use of organic solvents to biomass valorization [134] , [135] . Ionic liquids are salt, composed of a small anion and a large organic cation that are liquids at environmental conditions [134] , [135] . The interest in these alternative solvents is increasing due to negligible vapor pressure, allowing exploring several biomass valorization processes [134] , [135] .…”

“…Ionic liquids are salt, composed of a small anion and a large organic cation that are liquids at environmental conditions [134] , [135] . The interest in these alternative solvents is increasing due to negligible vapor pressure, allowing exploring several biomass valorization processes [134] , [135] . Another class of solvent is the DES, which have similar physical properties of ionic liquids, but are mixtures of compounds that present a lower melting point when compared to the individual components (due to the presence of hydrogen bonds) [134] , [135] .…”

“…The interest in these alternative solvents is increasing due to negligible vapor pressure, allowing exploring several biomass valorization processes [134] , [135] . Another class of solvent is the DES, which have similar physical properties of ionic liquids, but are mixtures of compounds that present a lower melting point when compared to the individual components (due to the presence of hydrogen bonds) [134] , [135] . The most used reagents for producing IL and DES are amides, carboxylic acids, alcohols, choline chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts.…”

“…The most used reagents for producing IL and DES are amides, carboxylic acids, alcohols, choline chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts. The main advantage of DES in comparison with IL are associated with solvent production [134] , [135] . For DES the production comprises a reduced number of process steps, absence of solvents, and low associated cost.…”

“…For DES the production comprises a reduced number of process steps, absence of solvents, and low associated cost. These aspects, associated with the high purity of the obtained product, make this solvent a potential reagent for industrial applications [134] , [135] .…”